scholarly journals The role of working memory in sentence processing in normal reading population. A review of related literature.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Grammenou Anastasia
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Normal Reading ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Text Context ◽  
Working Memory Model

This essay aims to describe the factors that influence sentence processing with emphasis given on garden path sentences. The latter grammatical phenomenon has been proved more problematic in people with low working memory span. Predictions of the working memory model of Baddeley and Hich and the theory of language comprehension of Just and Carpenter were used to explain sentence processing within text context.

scholarly journals The Implications of the Working Memory Model for the Evolution of Modern Cognition

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wynn ◽  
Frederick L. Coolidge
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Advanced Planning ◽  
Modern Mind ◽  
Modern Cognition ◽  
Symbol Use ◽  
Working Memory Model

What distinguishes the cognition of biologically modern humans from that of more archaic populations such as Neandertals? The norm in paleoanthropology has been to emphasize the role of language and symbolism. But the modern mind is more than just an archaic mind enhanced by symbol use. It also possesses an important problem solving and planning component. In cognitive neuroscience these advanced planning abilities have been extensively investigated through a formal model known as working memory. The working memory model is now well-enough established to provide a powerful lens through which paleoanthropologists can view the fossil and archaeological records. The challenge is methodological. The following essay reviews the controversial hypothesis that a recent enhancement of working memory capacity was the final piece in the evolution of modern cognition.

Item Identification Time and Rehearsal Rate as Predictors of Memory Span in Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hitch ◽  
M. S. Halliday ◽  
J. E. Littler
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Word Length ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Identification Time ◽  
Word Length Effect ◽  
Working Memory Model

According to the working memory model of Baddeley and Hitch (1974), the sensitivity of memory span to word length arises from the time taken to rehearse items in a speech-based “articulatory loop”. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the word-length effect may result from differences in the speed of perceptual processes of item identification. Changes in the speed of rehearsal and of item identification have also been claimed to contribute to the growth of memory span that is seen in development. In order to compare these two variables directly, groups of children aged 8 and 11 were assessed on memory span for words of one, two, and three syllables; span under articulatory suppression; rehearsal rate; and item identification time. Span was found to be a linear function of rehearsal rate across differences in both word length and age. The word-length effect was unrelated to item identification time and was diminished by articulatory suppression. These results show that the word-length effect reflects rehearsal and not item identification processes. However, the results also suggest that changes in item identification time contribute to developmental differences in span when articulation is suppressed. A distinction between item identification and rehearsal effects can be readily interpreted in terms of the working memory model if it is assumed that they indicate the efficiency of different subsystems involved in span.

scholarly journals A working memory model based on excitatory-inhibitory interactions and calcium dynamics

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Lyman ◽  
Robert McDougal ◽  
Brian Myers ◽  
Joseph Tien ◽  
Mustafa Zeki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions ◽  
Working Memory Model

scholarly journals Children do not overcome lexical biases where adults do: the role of the referential scene in garden-path recovery

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVAN KIDD ◽  
ANDREW J. STEWART ◽  
LUDOVICA SERRATRICE
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Test Sentence ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Scene Information ◽  
Lexical Cues

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report on a visual world eye-tracking experiment that investigated the differing abilities of adults and children to use referential scene information during reanalysis to overcome lexical biases during sentence processing. The results showed that adults incorporated aspects of the referential scene into their parse as soon as it became apparent that a test sentence was syntactically ambiguous, suggesting they considered the two alternative analyses in parallel. In contrast, the children appeared not to reanalyze their initial analysis, even over shorter distances than have been investigated in prior research. We argue that this reflects the children's over-reliance on bottom-up, lexical cues to interpretation. The implications for the development of parsing routines are discussed.

CHALLENGING THE WORKING MEMORY MODEL OF THOUGHT ABSTRACTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Andor Simon ◽  
Katja Cattapan-Ludewig
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Working Memory Model

scholarly journals Analysis of free recall dynamics of an abstract working memory model*

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Villani ◽  
Matin Jafarian ◽  
Anders Lansner ◽  
Karl Henrik Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Working Memory Model

The magic number and the episodic buffer

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Magic Number ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Episodic Buffer ◽  
Moderate Number ◽  
Working Memory Model

Cowan's revisiting of the magic number is very timely and the case he makes for a more moderate number than seven is persuasive. It is also appropriate to frame his case within a theoretical context, since this will influence what evidence to include and how to interpret it. He presents his model however, as a contrast to the working memory model of Baddeley (1986). I suggest that this reflects a misinterpretation of our model resulting in a danger of focusing attention on pseudo-problems rather than genuine disparities between his approach and my own.

The mental time travel continuum: on the architecture, capacity, versatility and extension of the mental bridge into the past and future

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prescott Breeden ◽  
Dorothea Dere ◽  
Armin Zlomuzica ◽  
Ekrem Dere
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Mental Time Travel ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Working Memory Model

AbstractMental time travel (MTT) is the ability to remember past events and to anticipate or imagine events in the future. MTT globally serves to optimize decision-making processes, improve problem-solving capabilities and prepare for future needs. MTT is also essential in providing our concept of self, which includes knowledge of our personality, our strengths and weaknesses, as well as our preferences and aversions. We will give an overview in which ways the capacity of animals to perform MTT is different from humans. Based on the existing literature, we conclude that MTT might represent a quantitative rather than qualitative entity with a continuum of MTT capacities in both humans and nonhuman animals. Given its high complexity, MTT requires a large processing capacity in order to integrate multimodal stimuli during the reconstruction of past and/or future events. We suggest that these operations depend on a highly specialized working memory subsystem, ‘the MTT platform’, which might represent a necessary additional component in the multi-component working memory model by Alan Baddeley.

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