Intertextuality in Selected Narrative Poems of Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí

The creative works of Adébáyọ Fálétí, a renowned literary writer in Yorùbá, ̀ have been the focus of literary critics. Notable among such are Olatunji (1982a; 1982b; 1982c), Ogunsina (1991), Ìṣọ̀lá (1998) and Adebowale (1999). These scholars have examined the issues of form, style and theme in Fálétí’s poetry. It has been established that Fálétí is a philosophical poet influenced by the historical, political, social and cultural contexts of the society that produced his poems. According to Olatunji (1982), “the oral poetic tradition of the Yorùbá constitutes the weft and woof of Fálétí’s poetic genius.” This attests to the claim that “no artist creates in a vacuum” (Agyekum, 2007:31). It could be deduced from the above position that there is an interplay between the text of Fálétí’s poetry and the context that produced it. Using intertextuality approach, this paper, therefore, examines the interplay of the text, context and the writer in selected poems of Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí with a view to determining the correlation between the Yorùbá oral poetic genres and the written form in Fálétí’s poetry and determining the continuity of the oral poetic genre in the written form. Fálétí’s biography has been discussed by Olatunji (1982). He was born at Agbóóyè in Ọyọ̀ ́ and had his elementary life on the farm, where he was exposed to the Yorùbá culture undiluted. He was a novelist, playwright, poet, scriptwriter and actor when alive. His works include Ọmọ Olókùn Ẹṣin, Thunderbolt, Baṣọrun Gáà, Fẹrẹ bí Ẹkùn, ̀ and Ogún Àwítẹ́lẹ. Fálétí’s works ̀ are greatly influenced by his family background because his father was a 120 Arinpe Adejumo and Adefemi Akinseloyin prominent member of the sàkàrá calabash beating oral poets and entertainers under Olatunji Kúdẹẹ̀ ̀fù in the court of Ọba Ṣiyanbọ́lá Oníkẹẹ̀ pé Ládìg ́ - bòlù I, the Aláàfin of Ọyọ̀ (1911-1944). Fálétí learnt a lot about narratives and ́ other techniques of rendition from his father’s poetic influence. There are also cases of intertextuality in his narrative poems and other literary works. Fálétí’s narrations and literary works are inspired by the tales he heard from his father, aunt and members of the larger family (Olatunji 1982). These influenced his narrative poems, as they reflect chronicles, heroism and expositions, which he borrowed from the Yorùbá oral poetic genre. Since oral poets are imbued with repertoires of praise poetry, legends, myths, proverbs, songs and history, Fálétí’s narrative poems are filled with the intertextuality of Yorùbá oral materials.

Text, context, affect and effect: Fairy tales in the UNICEF advertising campaign against paedophilia

By conveying traditions and moral values fairy tales constitute an important part of our lives and cultural identities. Fairy tale motifs and allusions have been repeatedly employed for commercial and non-commercial purposes by advertisers around the world. This paper looks at the UNICEF anti-sexting advertising campaign that features two classic fairy tales, Hansel and Gretel and Little Red Riding Hood. Sexting is a growing problem among young people these days. According to the recent EU Kids Online 2020 survey carried out in 19 European countries, 22 percent of children aged 12-16, on average, have had some experience with receiving sexual messages or pictures. Through an analysis of the visual and verbal content of selected advertisements, the present study investigates how the advertisers creatively make use of the famous fairy tales to raise public awareness of the issue.

Transacting Business through/for Others in Early Colonial Western India: The Text, Context, and Meaning of a Mukhtār-nāma of 1821

In the Persianate world, a mukhtār-nāma (deed of representation or a power of attorney) was a legal instrument that enabled people to transact business through a representative or agent (mukhtār or wakīl). This is a study of one such document written in Surat in 1821. It analyses the document for its socio-cultural, legal, and commercial significance as well as to explore the transition in the adjudication of commercial disputes and civil cases from Mughal to East India Company courts. It shows that there was a strong tradition of documenting business transactions in early modern South Asia and that such practices have continued into the colonial and postcolonial periods.

A Metacinematic Spectrum

Metacinematic moments in screen narrative regularly turn attention back toward film’s point of material origination—from story to the conditions of its technical mediation—without turning their back either on the plot or its cultural surround. This double slant of the screen story, both back toward medial operations and outward toward some thematic interface with its social setting, is what this chapter sets out to discriminate in its “technique\text/context” articulation. Revisiting moments of medial self-acknowledgment in films from Citizen Kane through Apocalypse Now to Blade Runner 2049 prepares terms for assessing a late installment in one of Hollywood’s ongoing CGI franchise blockbusters, Marvel’s Spiderman: Far from Home (2040). In that sci-fi plot both digital technique and context implode upon the developing narrative text in the irony of an international political deception perpetrated by Hollywood-schooled VFX (visual special effects) when deployed, not on some inset screen, but in real metropolitan space.

Spiritualization of Child Education in the Qur'anic Sufism Perspective in the Covid-19 Era

The COVID-19 pandemic has implications for changing the attitudes and behavior of the world community, including in the field of education. The Indonesian government, in this case, has decided to study from home (BDR) for schools to universities in addition to the work from home (WFH) policy. BDR challenges have both advantages and disadvantages. Among the weaknesses that need to be watched out for is the burnout of children in online learning from home, which cannot be denied because similar conditions are also experienced by parents, which erode the enthusiasm for learning to spirituality in the family. Therefore, this paper examines how to reconstruct the spiritualization of education for children in families amid COVID-19. This qualitative research used a descriptive approach, describing the data obtained from the interpretation of the term "tazkiyah" in the Qur’an and verses related to children's education to be contextualized into building the spiritualization concept of children's education in the perspective of Qur'anic Sufism. As part of the literature research, the data analysis adopted Gadamer's hermeneutics developed by Fakhrudin Faiz that hermeneutics revolves around text, context, and contextualization. The results showed that parents have a major role in children's education amid COVID-19 as the prominent educators in the family. These findings corroborate the opinions of Comenius, Nasih Ulwan, Abdurrahaman An-Nahlawi, and Ki Hajar Dewantara about the importance of family education. The spiritualization of children's education in the perspective of Quranic Sufism integrates the three theologies in religion as proposed by Barbour, namely the theology of revelation, natural theology, and religious experience. Therefore, the spiritualization of children's education is a necessity.

Part VI Terms and Interpretation, 20 Interpretation of Written Contracts

Commercially, this is the most important field of contractual law. In recent decades, English courts have declared that the task is to interpret written contracts (also known as ‘construction’) with sensitivity to shared purposes and aims. The courts have regard to the factual matrix within which the contract has arisen and to issues of business or commercial common sense. The courts will also read contractual wording without misplaced pedantry. Under the rubric of ‘constructive construction’, judges are prepared to rearrange text when it is clear that inapposite language has been used and it is also objectively obvious what the shared intention must have been. This process is illuminated by text, context, and (where there is genuine ambiguity) to commercial common sense, but not by deep reference to background party discussion or private opinion. Thus there are three evidential bars: the courts will not admit evidence of a party’s subjective intent or understanding; secondly, evidence of negotiations is inadmissible (but such evidence will be fundamental if a plea of rectification is made, on which chapter 21); thirdly, post-formation conduct is inadmissible (unless there has been a variation or estoppel by convention; on the latter [2.58]).

SASMITA GENDHING: Dulu dan Kini.

ABSTRACTSasmita gendhing is a series of words that lead to the name gendhing-gendhing as a supporter of the wayang kulit purwa show. While the wayang kulit show format still refers to the format of last night's show with the genre of palace performance, the gendhing grade became a bridge between the mastermind and the singer to sound the gendhing as a support for certain scenes. In the development of the existence of gendhing-gendhing grades are slowly declining, even the majority of masterminds no longer use gendhing grades. The text-context approach from HeddyShri Ahimsa is used to reveal the variety of gendhing grades and to find the cause of the decline in the use of gendhing grades. The study conducted found various forms of gendhing grades, among them, are figurative words, wangsalan, and cangkriman. While the cause of the decline in the use of gendhing grades is noted due to the change of image, freedom of scene structure, freedom of choice of play, and cross-style performance. Keywords: gendhing grades, text-context, performance ABSTRAKSasmita gendhing merupakan rangkaian kata yang mengarah pada nama gendhing-gendhing sebagai pendukung pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa. Ketika format pertunjukan wayang kulit masih mengacu pada format pertunjukan semalam dengan genre pakeliran istana, sasmita gendhing menjadi jembatan antara dalang dengan pengrawit untuk membunyikan gendhing sebagai pendukung adegan tertentu. Dalam perkembangannya eksistensi sasmita gendhing- gendhing perlahan surut, bahkan mayoritas dalang tidak lagi menggunakan sasmita gendhing. Pendekatan teks-konteks dari HeddyShri Ahimsa digunakan untuk mengungkap ragam sasmita gendhing serta mencari penyebab surutnya penggunaan sasmita gendhing. Dari kajian yang dilakukan ditemukan beragam bentuk sasmita gendhing, di antaranya adalah kata kiasan, wangsalan, dan cangkriman. Sedangkan penyebab surutnya penggunaan sasmita gendhing ditengarai karena adanya perubahan citra, kebebasan struktur adegan, kebebasan pemilihan lakon, dan silang gaya pakeliran. Kata kunci: sasmita gendhing, teks-konteks, pakeliran

HERMENEUTIKA SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN ALTERNATIF UNTUK MENAFSIRKAN AL-QUR’AN

The Qur'an, as the holy book of the Muslims and also as a guide to life, has been, is, and will always be interpreted. Therefore, in the view of Muslims, the interpretation of the Quran is a very established term. The Quran is considered a limited text, while man changes according to the development of the times. So, the Qur'an urgently needs to be interpreted based on the needs of modern humans today. The development of the interpretation of the Quran is increasingly complex, and following the times as the expression shalih li kulli zaman, wa makan is inevitable. So, the interpretation that should be centered on the Quran and Sunnah is the wisest path, but from the diversity of different interpretations, giving rise to various interpretations according to the text, context, and contextual. Until the interpretation of the Quran by the classical scholars has provided solutions to various problems they face, both godly questions and humanitarian issues. Because the various problems faced by each mufassir are different, the quranic message that was born is different and plural—the opinion of classical scholars who have the best interpretation authority. Be a reason to try to elaborate on the urgency of the need of the Quran against hermeneutics as one solution to the monotonous study of the scholars of earlier interpretations to gain new enlightenment offered by contemporary thinkers. This offer tries to construct the interpretation products of classical interpreters not to cover any new contributions that can answer the problems of modern society today. According to the frugal author, hermeneutics can still be used as one of the instruments in the method of interpretation, provided; first, a hermeneutic must still have mastery of Arabic language and all knowledge related to the interpretation of the Qur'an; secondly, hermeneutics moves indirectly to the Qur'an, by studying the books of interpretation critically and deeply, in the hope that the previous Mufassir still leaves a space, so that it can be filled with hermeneutic studies

Assessing Malaysian University English Test (MUET) Essay on Language and Semantic Features Using Intelligent Essay Grader (IEG)

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) refers to the Artificial Intelligence (AI) application with the “intelligence” in assessing and scoring essays. There are several well-known commercial AES adopted by western countries, as well as many research works conducted in investigating automated essay scoring. However, most of the products and research works are not related to the Malaysian English test context. The AES products tend to score essays based on the scoring rubrics of a particular English text context (e.g., TOEFL, GMAT) by employing their proprietary scoring algorithm that is not accessible by the users. In Malaysia, the research and development of AES are scarce. This paper intends to formulate a Malaysia-based AES, namely Intelligent Essay Grader (IEG), for the Malaysian English test environment by using our collection of two Malaysian University English Test (MUET) essay dataset. We proposed the essay scoring rubric based on its language and semantic features. We analyzed the correlation of the proposed language and semantic features with the essay grade using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Furthermore, we constructed an essay scoring model to predict the essay grades. In our result, we found that the language featured such as vocabulary count and advanced part of speech were highly correlated with the essay grades, and the language features showed a greater influence on essay grades than the semantic features. From our prediction model, we observed that the model yielded better accuracy results based on the selected high-correlated essay features, followed by the language features.