scholarly journals Central Asia on the way of One Belt, One Road – implications for the European Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
Radosław Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
The European Union ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The Way

Inicjatywa Pasa i Szlaku stwarza możliwości jak i wyzwania dla regionu Azji Centralnej. Inwestycje infrastrukturalne wraz z rozwijającymi się połączeniami kolejowymi przybliżają ten region do Europy. Chińska inicjatywa wiąże się z koncepcją budowania strefy wpływów w regionie Azji Centralnej i stopniowego wypierania innych partnerów w tym państw Unii Europejskiej. W przygotowywanej nowej strategii UE wobec Azji Centralnej należy uwzględnić znaczenie Nowego Jedwabnego Szlaku z jego pozytywnymi jak i negatywnymi uwarunkowaniami.

New European Union strategy for Central Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
S. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Central Asian Countries

For several decades, the European Union has been steadily increasing its presence in Central Asian countries. The EU's interests in the region are due to a number of reasons, including the desire to expand its influence in the Central Asian countries, the high importance of the region as a transit corridor between Europe and China, the prospects for economic cooperation, and the importance of the region's energy potential. In May 2019 The European Union has presented a new Strategy for Central Asia, designed to intensify cooperation in a number of areas of interaction. The new strategy is aimed at both implementing these interests and expanding cooperation in a number of other areas.

Dochodzenie roszczeń ze sprzedaży towarów w obrocie międzynarodowym na obszarze UE. Zagadnienie jurysdykcji

2016 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Agata Michalska-Olek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
The Way

The article aims to show the possible ways of judicial redress for claims resulting from sales of goods especially including the issue of jurisdiction and application of the provisions of national law or the provisions of Community law. In the article the provisions of the Convention of 30 October 2007 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters as well as the provisions of regulations of the European Parliament and of the Council were widely discussed. The author discusses in particular the issue related to cross-border contracts for the sales-of-goods within the European Union. Part of the deliberations concerns judicial rulings, in particular judicial decisions issued in cases in which the court shall consider the issue of jurisdiction of its own motion. In the conclusion of the article it is stated that the choice between the national jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of other states will depend on the terms of agreement between the parties as well as the documents related to the transaction, in particular consignment notes (CMR), and the EXW clauses – such a formulation means that the parties agreed to the way of delivery of goods according to the commercial (Incoterms) clauses, determining in such a way the issue of jurisdiction.

The Google Ireland Case and the Legal Battle over Digital Taxes in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Giulio Allevato ◽  
Fernando Pastor-Merchante
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Preliminary Ruling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Legal Battle ◽  
The Way

The preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Google Ireland case turned on the compatibility with the rules on free movement of some of the administrative arrangements put in place by Hungary in order to administer its controversial advertisement tax (namely, the obligation to register and the penalties attached to the failure to comply with that obligation). The preliminary ruling offers some interesting insights on the way in which the Court assesses the compatibility with the freedom to provide services of national administrative arrangements aimed at ensuring the effective collection of taxes. This is a topical issue in the context of the recent efforts made by Member States to tax the digital economy more effectively.

2 Parties and Group Litigation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brealey Mark ◽  
George Kyla
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Court ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Parent Companies ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses the special considerations that apply to identifying the relevant parties in competition litigation as well as the way that claimants may group together to commence collective proceedings. It first explains private actions in the High Court, with emphasis on the nature of claimant and defendant. It considers the category of claimant under Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and under the Competition Act 1998, along with the concept of ‘undertaking’, parent companies, subsidiary companies, and sister companies in relation to the defendants. The chapter also examines representative actions in the High Court during group litigation, collective proceedings in the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT), and settlement of collective proceedings. Different types of collective settlement are highlighted.

In the shadow of constructed borderlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Handke
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The Future ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Institutional Ambiguity

In Europe, China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative primarily interacts with the institutional and physical landscape of the ‘shared neighbourhood’ between Russia and the European Union (EU). Norms and institutions in these ‘borderland’ states reflect an institutional ambiguity between the Eurasian and EU brands of market integration. In this chapter, the structures of economic governance in this region and their interaction with OBOR are examined from institutional and infrastructural perspectives. It is argued that OBOR is incompatible with current trends of European economic governance. In Ukraine and the 16+1 states, the interplay between Chinese state-controlled entities and oligarchic elites deconstructs formal norms and institutions and reinforces informal structures. Instability in the borderlands increases, while infrastructure investments extend the shadowy character of OBOR-induced practices into the future.

Six Dimensions of Public Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 399-430
Author(s):  
Paul Craig
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Six Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

This chapter draws on the six dimensions of public law covered in the book: theory, institutions and accountability, constitutions and rights, process and procedure, legislation, and case law. It links discussion of these dimensions, by considering how they have been affected by Brexit. The chapter is not concerned with the contending arguments for leaving or remaining in the European Union. The focus is on the way in which Brexit has ‘pressure-tested’ the public law regime in the United Kingdom and the European Union. The six dimensions of public law that are discussed in the preceding chapters form the architectural frame through which the impact of Brexit on the public law regimes is assessed in both the United Kingdom and the European Union.

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