normative power
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Author(s):  
Caner Turan

This paper addresses an important issue that has been commonly debated in moral psychology, namely the normative and metaethical implications of our differing intuitive responses to morally indistinguishable dilemmas. The prominent example of the asymmetry in our responses is that people often intuitively accept pulling a switch and deny pushing as a morally permissible way of sacrificing an innocent person to save more innocent people. Joshua Greene traces our negative responses to actions involving “up close and personal” harm back to our evolutionary past and argues that this undermines the normative power of deontological judgments. I reject Greene’s argument by arguing that our theoretical moral intuitions, as opposed to concrete and mid-level ones, are independent of direct evolutionary influence because they are the product of autonomous (gene-independent) moral reasoning. I then explain how both consequentialist and deontological theoretical intuitions, which enable us to make important moral distinctions and grasp objective moral facts, are produced by the exercise of autonomous moral reasoning and the process of cultural evolution. My conclusion will be that Greene is not justified in his claim that deontology is normatively inferior to consequentialism.


2022 ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Sinem Bal

The EU's extra-territorial, value-driven practices are often conceptualized as normative power. However, the diffusion of norms is strongly contested in terms of human rights. This is particularly true of gender equality, which the EU uses as a conditionality tool to promote human rights, consolidate democracy, and develop a well-functioning fair market economy in other countries. Using a feminist lens and drawing on the literature and official documents, this chapter questions the balance between these three aims and the extent that Europe's normative power can mainstream gender norms in Western Balkan countries. Backsliding of equality patterns and the EU's exclusive concern on producing instruments to encourage women's labour market participation indicate that it promotes more market-engaged gender equality norms instead of creating normative change in socially constructed roles in Western Balkan countries.


2021 ◽  
pp. 224-247
Author(s):  
Aurélie Fontanille

Ce travail porte sur le débat concernant la féminisation du langage et, plus particulièrement, le français inclusif généré par les opinions versées par les spécialistes du journal Le Figaro dans la chronique de langage (CDL) L’Actu des mots. Son objectif principal consiste à: 1) présenter, contextualiser et justifier le traitement donné à ce phénomène social et linguistique dans un genre journalistique singulier tel que le sont les columnas sobre la lengua Ce travail porte sur le débat concernant la féminisation du langage et, plus particulièrement, le français inclusif généré par les opinions versées par les spécialistes du journal Le Figaro dans la chronique de langage (CDL) L’Actu des mots. Son objectif principal consiste à: 1) présenter, contextualiser et justifier le traitement donné à ce phénomène social et linguistique dans un genre journalistique singulier tel que le sont les CDL publiées dans l’édition numérique du dit journal, et 2) constater le feed-back que ce genre de communication multidirectionnelle produit à partir de l’analyse des commentaires émis aussi bien en tant que réponse interne à la CDL que sur les réseaux sociaux et plus précisément, sur Twitter. En effet, notre intérêt est axé d’un côté sur cette question linguistique d’actualité qui met en relation la notion de genre avec la position de la femme dans une société patriarcale en constante évolution et, d’un autre côté, sur la nature de ces espaces médiatiques consacrés à la langue, afin de mettre en évidence leur orientation normative et leur charge idéologique, renforcées par les propres outils qu’offrent Internet. This work focuses on the debate related to the feminisation of language and, more particularly, to the inclusive French generated by the views expressed by specialists in the Le Figaro newspaper at the Chronique de langage (CDL) L’actu des mots. Its main aim consists of: (1) present, contextualise and justify the treatment of this social and linguistic phenomenon in a particular journalistic gender such as the columns on language (CSL) published in the digital edition of that newspaper; and (2) assess the feed-back that this type of multi-directional communication produces on the basis of the analysis of the comments issued both internally on the CSL and on social media, more specifically on Twitter. We are interested in investigating, on the one hand, this topical linguistic issue which links the notion of gender with the position of women in a changing patriarchal society and, on the other hand, the nature of these language-centred media spaces, in order to assess their normative power and ideological transmission, reinforced by the web’s own tools.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Frances Cook

<p>This thesis considers New Zealand television’s public sphere role, by analysing three television programmes in terms of how they enable the exercise of power or resistance. The programmes 7 Days, Campbell Live, and Shortland Street were used as case studies of typical public sphere spaces that are available to the New Zealand public. These programmes were analysed in terms of Foucault’s concepts of power and resistance as active exercises that are present in all interrelations. The research found that the programmes were sites of both the exercising of power and the possibility of resistance, as they each worked to circulate competing discourses that subjects could take up to reinforce existing power structures or to resist the exercise of power upon them. Despite this conflicted nature, each programme was found to circulate these competing discourses in a manner that accommodated critical positions and discourses, as well as reinscribing normative power relations.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Frances Cook

<p>This thesis considers New Zealand television’s public sphere role, by analysing three television programmes in terms of how they enable the exercise of power or resistance. The programmes 7 Days, Campbell Live, and Shortland Street were used as case studies of typical public sphere spaces that are available to the New Zealand public. These programmes were analysed in terms of Foucault’s concepts of power and resistance as active exercises that are present in all interrelations. The research found that the programmes were sites of both the exercising of power and the possibility of resistance, as they each worked to circulate competing discourses that subjects could take up to reinforce existing power structures or to resist the exercise of power upon them. Despite this conflicted nature, each programme was found to circulate these competing discourses in a manner that accommodated critical positions and discourses, as well as reinscribing normative power relations.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
Mikhaylenko ◽  

With the use of the analytical works of the prominent Belgian researcher Sven Biscop, the article examines the main topics of discussion regarding changes in the global strategy of the European Union. EU foreign policy has been associated with the concept of “normative power”, which is seen as a kind of European “soft power”. Due to the influence of the global governance crisis, the COVID pandemic, the shift of USA geopolitical interests from Europe to Asia, China's great-power policy, Russia's geopolitical ambitions and other challenges, EU researchers and politicians are raising questions aimed at changing the strategic culture in order to ensure the primacy of EU vital interests. S. Biscop believes that while developing a new global strategy, it is necessary to turn to the traditions of geopolitics to be ready to protect interests and democratic values with the use of “hard power” both internally and externally. Strategic autonomy is a promising task for the further building of the EU. Under the instruction of the European Commission, the work has begun on the creation of a new political and strategic document “Strategic Compass”, its goals include defining the EU targets in the field of security, defense, and identification of threats. The discussion of a new global strategy outlines a trajectory for the transformation of the European Union into a global “Third Pole”. Sven Biscop's recommendations show that shaping a new global strategy will require a revision of the concept of "normative power" and turning closer to geopolitical realism.


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