scholarly journals Electrophysiological mechanisms underlying hypoxia‐induced deficits in visual spatial and non‐spatial discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Qiu ◽  
Pengpeng Lv ◽  
Yihao Zhongshen ◽  
Fengjuan Yuan ◽  
Xinjuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Discrimination ◽  
Visual Spatial

Comparison of Spatial Discrimination in the Temporal and Nasal Sectors of the Monocular Visual Field

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wyke ◽  
Stephan L. Chorover
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Discrimination ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male College ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Discriminations

A study comparing monocular visual spatial discrimination in temporal and nasal half-fields was undertaken with the Tuebinger perimeter of Harms (1960). Twenty normal male college students performed a series of spatial visual discriminations in which “standard” and “comparison” stimuli were successively presented at varying distances from a fixation point along the mid-horizontal meridian. The results show that under conditions of relatively prolonged presentation of the test stimuli (1.0 sec.) monocular visual discriminations of this type are performed better with the left eye than with the right. The superiority of the left eye was maintained irrespective of whether nasal or temporal half-fields were tested. Furthermore, for a given eye, there was no significant difference in the performance of nasal and temporal half-fields.

scholarly journals Cortico-hippocampal GluN2B is essential for efficient visual-spatial discrimination learning in a touchscreen paradigm

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny A. Kenton ◽  
Rebecca Castillo ◽  
Andrew Holmes ◽  
Jonathan L. Brigman
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Spatial Discrimination ◽  
Visual Spatial

scholarly journals Effects of pupillary responses to luminance and attention on visual spatial discrimination

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzon Ajasse ◽  
Ryad B. Benosman ◽  
Jean Lorenceau
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Discrimination ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Pupillary Responses

Utility of a Postural Stability/Perceptual Inhibition Dual Task for Identifying Concussion in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shawn R. Eagle ◽  
Patrick J. Sparto ◽  
Cynthia L. Holland ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alkathiry ◽  
Nicholas A. Blaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Spatial Discrimination ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Time Accuracy

Context: Research in the area of dual-task paradigms to assess sport-related concussion (SRC) status is growing, but additional assessment of this paradigm in adolescents is warranted. Design: This case-control study compared 49 adolescent athletes aged 12–20 years with diagnosed SRC to 49 age- and sex-matched controls on visual–spatial discrimination and perceptual inhibition (PIT) reaction time tasks performed while balancing on floor/foam pad conditions. Methods: The SRC group completed measures at a single time point between 1 and 10 days postinjury. Primary outcomes were dual-task reaction time, accuracy, and sway. General linear models evaluated differences between groups (P < .05). Logistic regression identified predictors of concussion from outcomes. Area under the curve evaluated discriminative ability of identifying SRC. Results: Results supported significantly higher anterior–posterior (AP) sway values in concussed participants for visual–spatial discrimination and PIT when balancing on the floor (P = .03) and foam pad (P = .03), as well as mediolateral sway values on the floor during visual–spatial discrimination (P = .01). Logistic regression analysis (R2 = .15; P = .001) of all dual-task outcomes identified AP postural sway during the PIT foam dual task as the only significant predictor of concussed status (ß = −2.4; P = .004). Total symptoms (area under the curve = 0.87; P < .001) and AP postural sway on foam (area under the curve = 0.70; P = .001) differentiated concussed from controls. Conclusion: The AP postural sway on foam during a postural stability/PIT dual task can identify concussion in adolescents between 1 and 10 days from injury.

Working, Declarative, and Procedural Memory in Children With Developmental Language Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4162-4178
Author(s):  
Emily Jackson ◽  
Suze Leitão ◽  
Mary Claessen ◽  
Mark Boyes
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Spatial

Purpose Previous research into the working, declarative, and procedural memory systems in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) has yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of this research was to profile these memory systems in children with DLD and their typically developing peers. Method One hundred four 5- to 8-year-old children participated in the study. Fifty had DLD, and 54 were typically developing. Aspects of the working memory system (verbal short-term memory, verbal working memory, and visual–spatial short-term memory) were assessed using a nonword repetition test and subtests from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children. Verbal and visual–spatial declarative memory were measured using the Children's Memory Scale, and an audiovisual serial reaction time task was used to evaluate procedural memory. Results The children with DLD demonstrated significant impairments in verbal short-term and working memory, visual–spatial short-term memory, verbal declarative memory, and procedural memory. However, verbal declarative memory and procedural memory were no longer impaired after controlling for working memory and nonverbal IQ. Declarative memory for visual–spatial information was unimpaired. Conclusions These findings indicate that children with DLD have deficits in the working memory system. While verbal declarative memory and procedural memory also appear to be impaired, these deficits could largely be accounted for by working memory skills. The results have implications for our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying language impairment in the DLD population; however, further investigation of the relationships between the memory systems is required using tasks that measure learning over long-term intervals. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13250180

Orienting and Focusing in Voluntary and Involuntary Visuospatial Attention Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
Shimin Fu ◽  
Yuejia Luo
Keyword(s):  
Gain Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Involuntary Attention ◽  
Attention Condition ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

In the present study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral measurements in a peripherally cued line-orientation discrimination task to investigate the underlying mechanisms of orienting and focusing in voluntary and involuntary attention conditions. Informative peripheral cue (75% valid) with long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was used in the voluntary attention condition; uninformative peripheral cue (50% valid) with short SOA was used in the involuntary attention condition. Both orienting and focusing were affected by attention type. Results for attention orienting in the voluntary attention condition confirmed the “sensory gain control theory,” as attention enhanced the amplitude of the early ERP components, P1 and N1, without latency changes. In the involuntary attention condition, compared with invalid trials, targets in the valid trials elicited larger and later contralateral P1 components, and smaller and later contralateral N1 components. Furthermore, but only in the voluntary attention condition, targets in the valid trials elicited larger N2 and P3 components than in the invalid trials. Attention focusing in the involuntary attention condition resulted in larger P1 components elicited by targets in small-cue trials compared to large-cue trials, whereas in the voluntary attention condition, larger P1 components were elicited by targets in large-cue trials than in small-cue trials. There was no interaction between orienting and focusing. These results suggest that orienting and focusing of visual-spatial attention are deployed independently regardless of attention type. In addition, the present results provide evidence of dissociation between voluntary and involuntary attention during the same task.

Visual Spatial Attention in Migraine Sufferers in Postictal and Interictal Phases: An Event-Related Potential Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. de Koning ◽  
J.C. Woestenburg ◽  
M. Elton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial

Migraineurs with and without aura (MWAs and MWOAs) as well as controls were measured twice with an interval of 7 days. The first session of recordings and tests for migraineurs was held about 7 hours after a migraine attack. We hypothesized that electrophysiological changes in the posterior cerebral cortex related to visual spatial attention are influenced by the level of arousal in migraineurs with aura, and that this varies over the course of time. ERPs related to the active visual attention task manifested significant differences between controls and both types of migraine sufferers for the N200, suggesting a common pathophysiological mechanism for migraineurs. Furthermore, migraineurs without aura (MWOAs) showed a significant enhancement for the N200 at the second session, indicating the relevance of time of measurement within migraine studies. Finally, migraineurs with aura (MWAs) showed significantly enhanced P240 and P300 components at central and parietal cortical sites compared to MWOAs and controls, which seemed to be maintained over both sessions and could be indicative of increased noradrenergic activity in MWAs.

The Prediction of Problem-Solving Assessed Via Microworlds

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Greiff ◽  
Katarina Krkovic ◽  
Jarkko Hautamäki
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Rule Knowledge ◽  
Rule Application ◽  
Fluid Reasoning

Abstract. In this study, we explored the network of relations between fluid reasoning, working memory, and the two dimensions of complex problem solving, rule knowledge and rule application. In doing so, we replicated the recent study by Bühner, Kröner, and Ziegler (2008) and the structural relations investigated therein [ Bühner, Kröner, & Ziegler, (2008) . Working memory, visual-spatial intelligence and their relationship to problem-solving. Intelligence, 36, 672–680]. However, in the present study, we used different assessment instruments by employing assessments of figural, numerical, and verbal fluid reasoning, an assessment of numerical working memory, and a complex problem solving assessment using the MicroDYN approach. In a sample of N = 2,029 Finnish sixth-grade students of which 328 students took the numerical working memory assessment, the findings diverged substantially from the results reported by Bühner et al. Importantly, in the present study, fluid reasoning was the main source of variation for rule knowledge and rule application, and working memory contributed only a little added value. Albeit generally in line with previously conducted research on the relation between complex problem solving and other cognitive abilities, these findings directly contrast the results of Bühner et al. (2008) who reported that only working memory was a source of variation in complex problem solving, whereas fluid reasoning was not. Explanations for the different patterns of results are sought, and implications for the use of assessment instruments and for research on interindividual differences in complex problem solving are discussed.

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