Chapter 4. Brotherhood of Artisans: The Disappearance of Confraternal Friendship and the Ideal of Equality in the Long Sixteenth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-105
Author(s):  
Bert De Munck
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Ideal

Spiritus, ecclesiae anima: Colet, Linacre, and a Galenic Mystical Body

Moreana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (Number 197- (3-4) ◽  
pp. 115-137
Author(s):  
Daniel Lochman
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Health Related ◽  
John Colet ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Ideal

John Colet knew Thomas Linacre for approximately three decades, from their mutual residence in Italy during the early 1490s through varied pedagogical, professional, and social contacts in and around London prior to Colet’s death in 1519. It is not certain that Colet knew Linacre’s original Latin translations of Galen’s therapeutic works, the first printed in 1517. Yet several of Colet’s works associate a spiritual physician—a phrase linked to Colet himself at least since Thomas More’s 1504 letter inviting him to London—with Paul’s trope of the mystical body. Using Galenic discourse to describe the “physiology” of the ideal mystical body, Colet emphasizes by contrast a diseased ecclesia in need of healing by the Spirit, who alone can invigorate the mediating “vital spirits” that are spiritual physicians—ministers within the church. Colet’s application of sophisticated Galenic discourse to the mystical body coincided with the humanist interest in Galen’s works evident in Linacre’s translations, and it accompanied growing concern for health related to waves of epidemics in London during the first two decades of the sixteenth century as well as Colet’s involvement in licensure of London physicians. This paper explores the implications of Colet’s adaptation of Galenic principles to the mystical body and suggests that Colet fostered a strain of medical discourse that persisted well into the sixteenth century.

Spaces for Music in Sixteenth-Century Paduan Courts

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUIDO BELTRAMINI
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Pietro Bembo ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Hadrian’S Villa ◽  
Hadrian's Villa ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This chapter is dedicated to a particular culture relating to the way one might ideally lead one's life in line with ancient practices and views. The trend in question, which developed in Padua in the first half of the Cinquecento, was promoted by such humanists as Pietro Bembo, Alvise Cornaro and Marco Mantova Benavides. Exceptional connoisseurs of the mores and values of antiquity, these intellectuals personally supervised and directed the building of their homes. Following the model of Hadrian's villa at Tivoli, the complexes of these Paduan residences comprised dwelling areas, pavilions, large gardens and the installation of fountains, statues and rare plants. Inspired by literary sources, the ideal of recreating the ‘ancient’ way of life, in which music played a crucial role, was revived.

Playing the Flute

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Kate Clark ◽  
Amanda Markwick
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
The Ideal

Chapter 3 presents fingerings for the tenor flute, together with detailed suggestions for the minute embouchure adjustments possible for each fingering, and needed to create the best sound on each note of the instrument. Vibrato (as described in sixteenth-century treatises), articulation and its relationship to speech and language, and the ideal of the human voice as the model for all instrumentalists are also discussed.

Jesuit Aristotelianism and Sixteenth-Century Metaphysics

Traditio ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Lohr
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Sacred History

The outstanding sixteenth-century Scripture scholar Juan Maldonado, in an instruction for members of the Society of Jesus on the manner of teaching theology, thus describes the ideal professor: The professor of Scholastic theology should be so skilled in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew that he will be able to speak with grace and not ridiculously and that he will not be restricted in his dealings with the heretics who are well-equipped with languages. He should be versed in all parts of philosophy … and much more so in all parts of theology, first of all in sacred letters, which is the source of all theology, so that he will be able to refute the heretics with the Scriptures; then for the same reason in the decrees of the councils, and the books of the ancient doctors, in Church dogma, in sacred history; … and finally in the Scholastic authors, … especially St. Thomas [MP 864f.].

scholarly journals GIFTING CULTURES AND ARTISANAL GUILDS IN SIXTEENTH- AND EARLY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LONDON

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASMINE KILBURN-TOPPIN
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Gift Books ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Craft Guilds ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThis article reconsiders the gift within London's sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century livery companies. Previous research into guild gift-giving cultures has focused exclusively upon substantial bequests of money and property by mercantile elites to the ‘great twelve’ livery companies. Through charitable gifts, citizens established godly reputations and legacies, perpetuated through the guild institution. It is argued here that a rich culture of material gift-giving, hitherto overlooked by historians, also thrived within London's craft guilds. Drawing on company gift books, inventories, and material survivals from guild collections, this article examines typologies of donors and gifts, the anticipated ‘returns’ on the gift by the recipient company, and the ideal spatial and temporal contexts for gift-giving. This material approach reveals that master artisans negotiated civic status, authority, and memory through the presentation of a wide range of gifted artefacts for display and ritual use in London's livery halls. Moreover, this culture of gift-giving was so deep-rooted and significant that it survived the Reformation upheavals largely intact. Finally, the embellishment of rituals of gifting, and the synchronization of gifting and feasting rites from the second half of the sixteenth century, are further evidence for the resurgence of English civic culture in this era.

scholarly journals Reflections on the Status of Hungarian Loanwords in Old Romanian Translations

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226
Author(s):  
Enikő Pál
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Bible ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Great Complexity ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractTranslation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The first Romanian translations of religious texts, including the first (although incomplete) translation of the Bible, date from the sixteenth century. In this early period of Romanian writing, Romanian translators encountered several problems in conveying the meaning of these texts of a great complexity. Some of the difficulties were due to the source texts available in the epoch, others to the ideal of literal translation, to the principle of legitimacy or to the relatively poor development of Romanian language which limited the translators' options. The present study focuses on the causes and purposes for which lexical items of Hungarian origin interweave old Romanian translations. In this epoch, Hungarian influence was favoured by a complex of political, legal, administrative and socioculturel factors, sometimes even forced by these circumstances. On the one hand, given the premises of vivid contacts between Romanians and Hungarians in the regions where the old Romanian translations (or their originals) can be located, a number of Hungarian loanwords of folk origin penetrated these texts. On the other hand, when using Hungarian sources, translators have imported useful source language caiques and loanwords, which have enriched Romanian language.

Buddha Images and the Monkhood

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela S. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Secular World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
The Ideal

The Mūlasāsanā chronicles narrate the history of two monastic sects, the Flower Garden (Suan Dok) and the Redwood Grove (Pa Daeng), in Lanna. The texts describe a furious feud between the orders in the sixteenth century. The accounts contradict Weberian conceptions of monks as withdrawn from the wider secular world. The orders deliberately drew the laity into the feud by emphasizing that patronizing the wrong order carried mortal risks. The monks deployed Buddha statues and stories about them; as images arise from the agencies of monks and lay devotees, they are connected to both and thus the ideal means for the monkhood to embroil the laity in the dispute. Accounts of Buddha statues from the Burmese Glass Palace Chronicle likewise reflect this conception of the image as both the Buddha himself and as an object subject to human manipulation, and therefore as an object whose agencies must be managed.

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