Business cycle and uncertainties: evaluating the behaviour of the automotive industry in relation to the COVID-19 period in Brazil

Author(s):  
Gerlane Gonçalves De Andrade ◽  
Admir Antonio Betarelli Junior ◽  
Carlos Alberto Gonçalves Da Silva ◽  
Weslem Rodrigues Faria
2018 ◽  
pp. 107-163
Author(s):  
Patrick Reimers

This paper focuses on detecting the short-term and long-term effects of monetary and fiscal policies on the US-American and European automotive market in the period from 2001 to 2010, looking at expansionary monetary policies, credit expansions, bail-outs and scrappage campaigns. The study aims to explain the reasons of the latest subprime-crisis, whose negative effects were in particular visible in the period from 2008 to 2010, using the Austrian Business Cycle theory to detect its validity for the automotive industry. As for fis-cal policies, the impact of incentives such as scrappage campaigns and other state interventions on the automotive industry will be critically evaluated. The target is to detect causalities, distinguishing between apparent symptoms and actual causes, to define whether artificial short-term economic booms caused by expansive monetary policies and public interventionism have ultimately led to the recent economic crisis. However, apart from empirically evaluating the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on the automotive sector within the men-tioned period, this paper also pretends to highlight the general crucial rele-vance of dynamic efficiency and entrepreneurial creativity and consequently the automotive OEMs’ need to detect market niches in order to optimize their company’s sustainability and competitiveness. Keywords: Fiscal policies, monetary policies, automotive industry, credit expan-sion, fractional reserve banking, public incentives, bailouts, USA, Europe, Aus-trian Business Cycle Theory JEL Classification: E12, E14, E32, E43, E51, E52, E62, E63, G33, H21, N12, N14 Resumen: Este trabajo se centra en detectar los efectos a corto y largo plazo de las políticas monetarias y fiscales en el mercado automotriz estadounidense y europeo en el período de 2001 a 2010, analizando las políticas monetarias expansivas, las expansiones de crédito, los ‘bailouts’ y las campañas de des-guace. El objetivo del estudio es explicar los orígenes de la última crisis sub-prime, cuyos efectos negativos fueron particularmente visibles en el período de 2008 a 2010, utilizando la teoría austriaca del ciclo económico para detectar su validez para la industria automotriz. En cuanto a las políticas fiscales, se evaluará críticamente el impacto de incentivos como las campañas de des-guace y otras intervenciones estatales en la industria automotriz. El objetivo es detectar causalidades, distinguiendo entre los síntomas aparentes y las causas reales, para definir si, en última instancia, el auge económico artificial, cau-sado por políticas monetarias expansivas y el intervencionismo estatal, con-dujo a la reciente crisis económica. Sin embargo, aparte de evaluar empíricamente el impacto de las políticas monetarias y fiscales en el sector automotriz dentro del período mencionado, este artículo también pretende resaltar la relevancia crucial general de la ‘eficiencia dinámica’ y la ‘creativi-dad empresarial’ y, en consecuencia, la necesidad de detectar nichos de mer-cado para optimizar la sostenibilidad y la competitividad de una empresa. Palabras clave: políticas fiscales, políticas monetarias, industria automotriz, expansión de crédito, banca de reserva fraccionaria, incentivos públicos, res-cates, Estados Unidos, Europa, teoría austriaca del ciclo económico. Clasificación JEL: E12, E14, E32, E43, E51, E52, E62, E63, G33, H21, N12, N14


Author(s):  
W. T. Donlon ◽  
J. E. Allison ◽  
S. Shinozaki

Light weight materials which possess high strength and durability are being utilized by the automotive industry to increase fuel economy. Rapidly solidified (RS) Al alloys are currently being extensively studied for this purpose. In this investigation the microstructure of an extruded Al-8Fe-2Mo alloy, produced by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, Goverment Products Div. was examined in a JE0L 2000FX AEM. Both electropolished thin sections, and extraction replicas were examined to characterize this material. The consolidation procedure for producing this material included a 9:1 extrusion at 340°C followed by a 16:1 extrusion at 400°C, utilizing RS powders which have also been characterized utilizing electron microscopy.


2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bustillos Enrique de la Vega ◽  
Karla Lucero Duarte ◽  
Octavio Lopez Millan
Keyword(s):  

2014 ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Idrisov ◽  
S. Sinelnikov-Murylev

The paper analyzes the inconsequence and problems of Russian economic policy to accelerate economic growth. The authors consider three components of growth rate (potential, Russian business cycle and world business cycle components) and conclude that in order to pursue an effective economic policy to accelerate growth, it has to be addressed to the potential (long-run) growth component. The main ingredients of this policy are government spending restructuring and budget institutions reform, labor and capital markets reforms, productivity growth.


2016 ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mogilat ◽  
Y. Achkasov ◽  
A. Egorov ◽  
A. Klimovets ◽  
S. Donets

The article discusses approaches and instruments used in the Bank of Russia public analytical materials for analysis and forecast of macroeconomic conditions and monetary indicators. The authors focus on indicators of business cycle and monetary conditions, as crucial for monetary policy analysis. The attention is paid to issues most frequently discussed in scientific and expert literature, specifically, to new indicators and models presented in the Bank of Russia Monetary Policy Reports in 2015.


2019 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Belyaev ◽  
Donatien K. Nessemon ◽  
Andrei A. Belyaev

The article is devoted to contemporary overview of development of a number of display technologies, which have been applied or may be applied for creation of new prospective light engineering solutions. The emphasis is on OLED-based technologies and liquid crystalsbased technologies. Examples of their application in automotive industry and architecture are given with consideration of various economic indicators and hygienic and usability limitations.


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