Chapter 2 Negotiating and Transforming the Public Sphere: African American Political Life in the Transition from Slavery to Freedom

2001 ◽  
pp. 28-66
Author(s):  
Niamh Reilly

This chapter outlines major developments shaping contemporary debates about religion and secularism in public and political life and the role of women and feminism therein. It considers, from a gender perspective, debates in normative political theory about religion, secularism, and the Habermasian public sphere. These themes are explored as they are dealt with in feminist scholarship on the critical edges of Enlightenment thinking. The phenomena of the separation of church and state, the progressive “secularization” of modern societies and relegation of religious practice to private domains, and the growing acceptance of gender equality, are no longer presumed to be inevitable and interrelated. This chapter considers what is involved in rethinking secularism as a feminist political principle, in a context of globalization and in contemporary multicultural societies.


Author(s):  
Kim T. Gallon

This introductory section introduces the book’s major arguments and provides an overview of the history of the Black Press in the early twentieth century. The introduction also explores the theoretical conceptualization of the public sphere in relationship to African American life and the scholarship on pleasure and class in African American history. In laying out these terms, the introductory section of the book makes the case that they are useful categories of analysis for a deeper understanding of African American sexuality, pleasure, and the Black Press. Finally, the introduction features a discussion of the significance of the interwar period and its relationship to the history of African American sexuality in the Black Press.


Author(s):  
Joel Gillin

Summary This article considers the utility of a liturgical lens for locating and analyzing religion in the public sphere. Dominant paradigms in the study of religion tend to either dissolve the religious/secular distinction or base it on overly cognitive content. Drawing on the work of James K. A. Smith, the article outlines an approach which instead locates religion in embodied practices that shape human desire. I suggest the religious/secular binary is better conceptualized as a continuum in which liturgical intensity is the primary criterion of religiosity. A liturgical continuum better articulates the contested nature of public space and the religious aspects of political life.


1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Howell

This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion of the historical geography of modernity. It is argued that the exclusive focus on social theory has detrimental effects on the appreciation of normative political concerns and that it ignores the resurgence of normative political theory. Habermas's concept of the public sphere, and its place within his theoretical and empirical studies, is, by contrast, commendably concerned with linking the social and historical work with normative political theorising, and its usefulness for geographical investigation is applauded. However, the criticisms directed from, in particular, communitarian political theorists and contextualist social researchers would seem to make his attempt to bring a ‘strong’ theory of public political life back within the remit of a reconstructed social theory less plausible. One set of responses to this criticism comes in the form of the attempt to build geography into this normative political theory, turning public spheres into public spaces; Arcndt's political theory, in conclusion, is thus held to be a significant contribution to the historical geography of modernity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen Zink

Miley Cyrus’ recent habit of twerking has sparked debate over whether the pop star is misappropriating African American culture; some even going so far as to accuse her of racism. This paper reviews the literature that exists in the public sphere on the topic, and delves into a scholarly analysis of Cyrus’ actions, statements, and the implications they have. My own post-analysis interpretation of the issue is addressed in the concluding paragraphs. Ultimately, twerking’s political context, and Cyrus’ lack of regard for said context, suggest that she is perpetuating harmful stereotypes about black women while her own white privilege allows her to maintain her integrity. Cyrus may not be intentionally exploiting black culture, but she is certainly communicating more than she may have bargained for.  


Author(s):  
Timo Müller

This chapter traces the emergence of the sonnet in African American literature to the pervasive influence of genteel conventions. These conventions have widely been regarded as conservative or even stultifying, but they provided black poets with various opportunities for self-assertion in the public sphere. The sonnet was a favourite genre among the genteel establishment, and poets pushed the boundaries of black expression by appropriating the form to subvert racial stereotypes, develop a black poetic subjectivity, and participate in the debate over the memory of the Civil War. In tracing these developments, the chapter repositions the outstanding poets of the period, Paul Laurence Dunbar and James Weldon Johnson, alongside their less-known contemporaries, Samuel Beadle, William Stanley Braithwaite, Joseph Seamon Cotter Jr., T. Thomas Fortune, and Henrietta Cordelia Ray.


Author(s):  
Naomi Greyser

This chapter maps intimacy in the public sphere and the alternately ethical and exploitative cross-racial bonds sentimentalists have cultivated. The chapter focuses on the challenges Sojourner Truth faced as an African American woman to occupy the position of a civic emoter who channels the nation’s feelings. The chapter examines the writing and editing of the Narrative of Sojourner Truth (1850, 1875, 1884), a process that involved deeply felt and vexed relations between Truth and her white editors that continued through the text’s publication, as well as white women’s sympathy and emotional impositions in the text’s reception into the twenty-first century. Truth models sentimentalism’s ethical capacities, refusing victimization as she expresses compassion toward her former master. Much of her white audience failed to recognize her rhetorical power, yet Truth insisted on taking up space without apology, living out much of her life in her home in Northampton, Massachusetts.


Author(s):  
Lucas P. Volkman

Chapter 4 reveals that the evangelical schisms in Missouri spurred a radical escalation of theological and political disputation between pro- and antislavery evangelicals in religious newspapers and other printed publications. This verbal sparring played a heretofore unexamined central role in spawning a vicious conflict between northern and southern evangelicals and partisans on the border with Kansas after 1854. To the extent that sectarian strife over the morality of African American bondage spurred armed strife in Missouri from the spring of 1854 through 1860, it played an important role in generating the larger sectional tensions that led to secession and the Civil War.


2015 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Vanessa Kaiser

<p>A juicio de Tocqueville, la igualdad implica dos tendencias en la democracia; una impulsa directamente a los hombres a la independencia y otra los conduce a la servidumbre, a una igualación que cabe denominar homogeneidad. El artículo tiene por objeto avanzar –desde el pensamiento arendtiano– en el estudio de la homogenización denunciada por Tocqueville. El argumento se divide en dos partes. En la primera, sostiene que la igualdad propiamente política ha colapsado bajo las dinámicas de la homogenización desatada tras el auge de lo social y la consecuente destrucción de la esfera pública denunciados por Arendt. Estamos, en el marco de su teoría, ante la igualdad de los modernos, la cual implica la destrucción de la condición humana de la pluralidad. Luego, en la segunda parte, se explica el vínculo entre la pluralidad, cuya realización está dada por la igualdad, en el primer sentido que le da Tocqueville, y la esfera pública. La tesis plantea que este vínculo es elaborado por Arendt en La condición humana, donde sostiene que la pluralidad es una conditio per qam de la vida política, un rasgo exclusivo del actor político u hombre de acción, la más elevada de las tres condiciones que componen la vita activa.</p><p>Palabras clave: igualdad, libertad, servidumbre, espacio público, Tocqueville, Arendt.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><em>THE HUMAN PLURALITY AS A CONDITIO PER QUAM OF POLITICAL LIFE</em></p><p><em>According to Tocqueville, equality involves two trends in democracy; one drives men directly to independence and the other leads to servitude, to an equalization that may be called homogeneity. The aim of the article is to advance the study of Tocqueville’s homogenization through Hanna Arendt’s thinking. The argument is divided into two parts. In the first part it argues that actual political equality has collapsed under the homogenisation unleashed after the rise of the social and the consequent destruction of the public sphere denounced by Arendt. In the context of her theory, we are facing “modern equality”, which involves the destruction of the human condition of plurality. Then in the second part, the link between plurality, whose realization is given by ‘equality’ in the first sense that Tocqueville describes, and the public sphere, is explained. The thesis argues that this link is worked by Arendt in her book The Human Condition, which states that plurality is conditio per quam from political life, an exclusive feature of the political actor or man of action, the highest of the three conditions that make the vita activa.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: equality, freedom, servitude, public space, Tocqueville, Arendt.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p> </p>


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