5. Justifying Public Funding for Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-160
Keyword(s):  
Public Funding

THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAND ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF RABBIT INFESTATION IN CENTRAL OTAGO

1987 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
I.G.C. Kerr ◽  
J.M. Williams ◽  
W.D. Ross ◽  
J.M. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Cultural Modification ◽  
Classification Information ◽  
Semi Arid

The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) introduced into New Zealand in the 183Os, has consistently flourished in Central Otago, the upper Waitaki, and inland Marlborough, all areas of mediterranean climate. It has proved difficult to manage in these habitats. The 'rabbit problem' is largely confined to 105,000 ha of low producing land mostly in semi arid areas of Central Otago. No field scale modifications of the natural habitat have been successful in limiting rabbit numbers. The costs of control exceed the revenue from the land and continued public funding for control operations appears necessary. A system for classifying land according to the degree of rabbit proneness is described. Soil survey and land classification information for Central Otago is related to the distribution and density of rabbits. This intormation can be used as a basis for defining rabbit carrying capacity and consequent land use constraints and management needs. It is concluded that the natural rabbit carrying capacity of land can be defined by reference to soil survey information and cultural modification to the natural vegetation. Classification of land according to rabbit proneness is proposed as a means of identifying the need for, and allocation of, public funding tor rabbit management. Keywords: Rabbit habitat, rabbit proneness, use of rabbit prone land.

Grosser Wert und wenig Geld? Über die Honorierung von Waldleistungen | Highly Valuable But Hardly Remunerative? On Compensating Forest Benefits

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Kissling-Näf
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Financial Compensation

Forests provide people with a variety of services and products (protection against avalanches, walking trails, etc.). Most forest services and products are not provided by markets and the extent of their availability is often guaranteed by public funding. In this context, the question arises whether the high benefits derived from forests could not be converted into cash more easily. Looking at various explanations for the market failure (externalities, public goods, property rights) possible marketing strategies for forest products and services and how they could optimize social welfare are investigated. Although general compensation criteria are not available, economic concepts (type of externality, scarcity, etc.) provide a first clue as to the necessity of compensation. However, mention must be made that compensation is always the result of a social agreement, and financial compensation as well as property rights are subject to social change. From a political and an economic perspective the payment of compensation for forest benefits is limited.

La systémique: son apport à la sylviculture et son rapport au marché | Systemics: its contribution to silviculture and its connection to the market

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Guido Bernasconi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Living System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Forest Management Plan

The silvicultural principles of a forest management plan for Canton Neuchâtel reveals itself as steeped in a systemic approach that allows us to consider the forest as a truly living system. In this context, it seems judicious to the author to conceive of the body forest personnel as a group of responsible people who share certain common ethics and who, in their work, promote the emergence of collective services recognised as beneficial to the state and which would be supported by public funding for the good of the entire community.

SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION IN ITALY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Fabio Sabetta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Seismic Risk Assessment ◽  
Post Disaster

In this paper, the main features of the policies adopted in Italy for seismic risk reduction are discussed. Particular attention is given to the Pre-disaster prevention activities such as the implementation of the building code, the seismic risk assessment for a priority scale of intervention, tax incentives and public funding for the vulnerability reduction of the existing buildings, information to population and school education, technical training of experts. The phases of response and post-disaster activities, including emergency management, search and rescue, loss scenarios, and safety assessment of buildings, are also discussed taking example from the most recent devastating earthquakes in Italy (L.Aquila 2009, Amatrice 2016).

Forecasting the Economic Impacts of Events and Conventions

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dwyer ◽  
R. Mellor ◽  
N. Mistilis ◽  
T. Mules
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Companion Article ◽  
Special Events ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Positive Impacts

Governments often receive requests to provide funding to support special events and conventions because of their alleged positive impacts, economic and otherwise, on a destination. In these circumstances, a framework of assessment is required to determine the extent of support, if any, that is to be given to alternative events. In a companion article (this issue), a framework was developed for assessing “tangible” and “intangible” impacts of events and conventions. This article shows how the framework can be used as a forecasting tool to inform government as to the “deservedness” of different events and conventions to receive public funding.

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