5. Crystallization Processes Involving More Complex Phase Behaviors

AbstractMembraneless organelles formed via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) contain a multitude of macromolecular species. A few of these species drive LLPS while most serve as regulators. The LLPS of SH35 (S) and PRM5 (P), two oppositely charged protein constructs, was promoted by a polyanion heparin (H) but suppressed by a cationic protein lysozyme (L). Here, using these four components alone, we demonstrate complex phase behaviors associated with membraneless organelles and uncover the underlying physical rules. The S:P, S:L, and P:H binaries form droplets, but the H:L binary forms precipitates, therefore setting off a tug of water between different phases within the S:P:H:L quaternary. We observe dissolution of precipitates upon compositional change, transformation from precipitates to droplet-like condensates over time, and segregation of S:L-rich and P:H-rich foci inside droplet-like condensates. A minimal macromolecular system can thus recapitulate membraneless organelles in essential ways and provide crucial physical understanding.

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CP-K 570Y780T

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

Keyword(s):

Tensile Properties ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Side Impact ◽

Complex Phase ◽

Automotive Components ◽

Weight Saving ◽

Very High

Abstract CP-K 570Y780T is one of a family of complex-phase steels, CP-W and CP-K, that offer very high strengths and yield points. They are particularly suitable for weight-saving production of cold-formed, crash-relevant automotive components such as side impact intrusion beams, B-pillar reinforcements,profiles, cross members, body reinforcements, bumper bars, and chassis parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on heat treating. Filing Code: SA-848. Producer or source: ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Expression genetics identifies spinal mechanisms supporting formalin late phase behaviors.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.3665957.3386057 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Hunt ◽

Sandrine Geranton

Keyword(s):

Late Phase ◽

Expression Genetics ◽

Phase Behaviors

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Investigation of the Microstructural Evolution during Hot Stamping of a Carburized Complex Phase Steel by Laser-Ultrasonics

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14081836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1836

Author(s):

Alexander Horn ◽

Marion Merklein

Keyword(s):

Microstructural Evolution ◽

Hot Stamping ◽

Laser Ultrasonics ◽

Complex Phase ◽

Finished Steel ◽

Steel Sheets ◽

Fine Grain ◽

Martensitic Microstructure ◽

Ultrasound Sensor ◽

Hot Stamping Steel

Prior carburization of semi-finished steel sheets is a new process variant in hot stamping to manufacture parts with tailored properties. Compared to conventional hot stamping processes, a complex phase typed steel alloy is used instead of 22MnB5. Yet recent investigations focused on final mechanical properties rather than microstructural mechanisms cause an increase in strength. Thus, the influence of additional carburization on the microstructural evolution during hot stamping of a complex phase steel CP-W®800 is investigated within this work. The phase transformation behavior, as well as the grain growth during austenitization, is evaluated by in-situ measurements employing a laser-ultrasound sensor. The results are correlated with additional hardness measurements in as-quenched condition and supplementary micrographs. The experiments reveal that the carburization process significantly improves the hardenability of the CP-W®800. However, even at quenching rates of 70 K/s no fully martensitic microstructure was achievable. Still, the resulting hardness of the carburized samples might exceed the fully martensitic hardness of 22MnB5 derived from literature. Furthermore, the carburization process has no adverse effect on the fine grain stability of the complex phase steel. This makes it more robust in terms of grain size than the conventional hot stamping steel 22MnB5.

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