8 Travelling (Western) Europe: Tourism, Regional Development, and Nature Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-216
Author(s):  
Ute Hasenöhrl ◽  
Robert Groß
2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Byström ◽  
Dieter K. Müller

AbstractIn a Nordic context, economic impacts of tourism in national parks remained largely unknown due to lacking implementation of standardized comparative measurements. For this reason, we want to investigate the economic impacts of national parks in a peripheral Scandinavian context by analyzing employment in tourism. Theoretically, the paper addresses the idea of nature protection as a tool for regional development. The scientific literature suggests that nature can be considered a commodity that can be used for the production of tourism experiences in peripheries. In this context nature protection is applied as a label for signifying attractive places for tourists leading to increased tourist numbers and employment. This argument follows mainly North American experiences pointing at a positive impact of protected areas on regional development. Meanwhile European studies are more skeptical regarding desired economic benefits. A major challenge is the assessment of tourism’s economic impacts. This paper suggests an approach that reveals the impacts on the labor market. This is particularly applicable since data is readily available and, moreover from a public perspective, employment and tax incomes are of uppermost importance in order to sustain population figures and local demand for public services. At the same time accessibility and low visitor numbers form major challenges for tourism stakeholders and complicate the assessment of economic impacts through questionnaires and interviews. The paper shows that the assumption that nature protection promotes positive economic development through tourism is not applicable in a northern Swedish context. Hence, it rejects the often suggested positive relationship between nature protection and tourism labor market development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10422
Author(s):  
Aida Mammadova ◽  
Christopher D. Smith ◽  
Tatiana Yashina

The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization has designated the Man and Biosphere Program to foster a better relationship between the environment and people. The topic of this study is to elucidate the role of local communities in the regional development of Biosphere Reserves with a focus on management roles (top-down or participatory) and the motivational drivers of the people involved (ecocentric or anthropocentric). Based on qualitative interviews taken from the two case studies of the Mount Hakusan Biosphere Reserve in Japan and the Katunskiy Biosphere Reserve in Russia, a comparative analysis was conducted to explore the differences between the engagement of locals in the management of their biosphere reserves. This analysis examined relationships between the government and the local communities, the attitudes of the locals towards the biosphere reserves, and the historical perception on nature protection for each community. The findings showed that Russian biosphere reserves are mainly managed by local people who live inside the protected area while Japanese biosphere reserves are governed by local authorities and administration offices. This allows the Russian communities to have greater access to management processes, and therefore play a larger role in regional development.


2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kistemann

Nature conservation needs to find acceptance by the population. That is why it is suggested that specialists in nature protection seek strategic alliances with suitable partners. Cooperation with the health sector would provide a solution. Health is a theme with a positive echo and nature and its preservation are important for health. In Germany, with this in the background and with the help of a survey amongst experts, existing and potential common fields of action in the spheres of health and nature conservation were identified. In a research project leading on from this the actual alliances between the two fields of action were investigated in three national parks. In the survey amongst experts, key people from interdisciplinary fields (environment and health, town and regional development) in particular were open-minded about the question of potential synergies, though those concerned with health were more optimistic than representatives from nature conservation. In the three national parks, the people concerned were also receptive to the theme. However, people from the central fields of health or nature conservation are not in the front line when it comes to putting this into practice, but rather those responsible for the management of national parks together with the tourist branch, those concerned with management of health cures, and environmental educationalists. Nature conservation is being offered the opportunity to form an alliance with the sphere of health and thereby to profit from the positive image that the latter carries. However, considerable efforts are yet required, both at national and at regional levels.


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