Chapter 1. A framework for applying artificial intelligence (AI) with Internet of nanothings (IoNT)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Anoop Mishra ◽  
Abhishek Tripathi ◽  
Deepak Khazanchi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence

scholarly journals PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF THE NECESSITY OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN UKRAINE

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 6-24
Author(s):  
Kseniia Zhyhalova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
National Security ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Security Questions

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate particular legal and objective reasons for necessity and expediency of legal regulation advancement, development and usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Ukraine. Chapter 1 «Understanding of Artificial Intelligence» gives examples of AI applications, doctrinal and diverse legal definitions of AI. Chapter 2 «Necessity and Expediency of legal regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine» shows the necessity of legal regulation, exemplifies the gaps in current legislation. This Chapter demonstrates that it is paramount to establish protection of IP rights within AI legal relationships in Ukraine. Also, Chapter 2 analyzes particular issues in AI and national, international and social security, questions of data protection. Chapter 3 «Conclusion» demonstrates that absence of specific AI regulation could potentially lead to numerous problems in public/private sectors, for economics, businesses, civilians. Key words: Artificial Intelligence (AI), legal regulation of AI, intellectual property (IP) protection, national security, protection of human rights and freedoms, data protection.

An Argumentation Model of Deliberative Decision-Making

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Walton
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Collaborative Decision Making ◽  
Worked Example ◽  
Collaborative Decision

This chapter presents deliberation dialogue as a framework for argumentation used in group decision-making. Drawing on and summarizing the previous literature in argumentation and artificial intelligence (AI), the chapter: (1) outlines the characteristics of deliberation as a type of dialogue; (2) distinguishes between deliberation dialogue and other types of dialogue it is closely related to and often confused with; (3) refines the existing models of deliberation to make them more useful for supporting reasoning communities engaged in collaborative decision making; (4) provides a worked example to show what the stages and characteristics of a deliberation dialogue are, and show how methods from AI and argumentation can be applied to analyzing it; and (5) outlines some further areas for research on deliberation that are currently being studied.

Introduction

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Random Search ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Search Algorithms ◽  
Classifier Systems ◽  
Organic Evolution ◽  
Knowledge Based

The conversation between Alice and the Cat gives a perfect characterization of the meandering path full of dead ends, sharp curves and hurdles one has to follow when doing research. After three and a half years, my first section of this path through wonderland ends up with the work presented here. In its final form, it deals with Evolutionary Algorithms (for parameter optimization purposes) and puts particular emphasis on extensions and analysis of Genetic Algorithms, a special instance of this class of algorithms. The structure of this research, however, has grown over the years and is just slightly related to Classifier Systems, the original starting point of my work. These contain Genetic Algorithms as a component for rule-discovery, and as Classifier Systems turned out to lack theoretical understanding almost completely, the concentration of interest on Genetic Algorithms was a natural step and provided the basis of this work. The book is divided into two parts that reflect the emphasis on Genetic Algorithms (part II) and the general framework of Evolutionary Algorithms that Genetic Algorithms fit into (part I). Part I concentrates on the development of a general description of Evolutionary Algorithms, i.e. search algorithms gleaned from organic evolution. These algorithms were developed more than thirty years ago in the “ancient” times of computer science, when researchers came up with the ideas to solve problems by trying to imitate the intelligent capabilities of individual brains and populations. The former approach, emphasizing an individual’s intelligence, led to the development of research topics such as artificial neural networks and knowledge-based symbolic artificial intelligence. The latter emphasized the collective learning properties exhibited by populations of individuals, which benefit from a high diversity of their genetic material. Modeling organic evolution provides the basis for a variety of concepts such as genotype, genetic code, phenotype, self-adaptation, etc., which are incorporated into Evolutionary Algorithms. Consequently, the necessary prerequisites to understand the relations between algorithmic realizations and biological reality are provided in chapter 1. In addition to this, chapter 1 clarifies the relationship between global random search algorithms and Evolutionary Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence and Evolutionary Algorithms, and computational complexity and Evolutionary Algorithms.

Is This Time Different?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Cynthia Estlund
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Large Potential ◽  
And Robotics

Chapter 1 introduces the debate over whether “this time is different”—whether contemporary innovations in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics are more likely than past rounds of technological innovations to yield net job destruction—and the parallel debate over whether we should welcome or worry about that future. It begins with a tour of some of the innovations that are allowing algorithms and robots to replace human workers at a range of tasks, and explains why the recent COVID-19 crisis is accelerating automation along several vectors. The chapter previews the book’s overall claims that a future of less work is foreseeable, even likely, if not inevitable; that it holds both perils and promise for ordinary workers and the society as a whole; and that it should be met with policy responses that can mitigate the losses and fairly distribute the large potential gains from a more automated economy.

Quick Reference: Chapter 1: The Musculoskeletal System: The Hand and Upper Extremity

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Abnormal Illness Behavior ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.

Fifth Edition: the New Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

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