Analysis of wrist bone motion before and after SL-ligament resection

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Eschweiler ◽  
Jan Philipp Stromps ◽  
Björn Rath ◽  
Norbert Pallua ◽  
Klaus Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Scaphoid Bone ◽  
Electromagnetic Tracking ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Abstract The analysis of the three-dimensional motion of wrist joint components in the physiological and injured wrist is of high clinical interest. Therefore, the purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the motion of scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum during physiological wrist motion in flexion and extension, and in radial- and ulnar-deviation, with those motion patterns after complete resection of the scapho-lunate-ligament. Eight fresh frozen cadaver wrists were carefully thawed and prepared for the investigation with an electromagnetic tracking system by implantation of measurement coils with 6 degrees of freedom. Electromagnetic tracking enabled the motion analysis of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum bones with respect to the fixed radius in three planes of passive motion. After scapho-lunate-ligament injury changes in the translational and rotational motion pattern especially of the scaphoid bone occurred in dorsal-volar directions during flexion and extension, radial- and ulnar-deviation, and during rotation around the radio-ulnar- and longitudinal-axis of the wrist.

Impact of scapholunate dissociation on human wrist kinematics

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Stromps ◽  
J. Eschweiler ◽  
M. Knobe ◽  
H. O. Rennekampff ◽  
K. Radermacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Electromagnetic Tracking ◽  
Scapholunate Ligament ◽  
Scapholunate Dissociation ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Complete Transection ◽  
Scapholunate Ligament Injury ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Neither the complex motions of the scapholunate joint, nor the kinematic changes that occur as a result of injury to it, are fully understood. We used electromagnetic tracking within affected bones to evaluate the physiologic motions in the planes of flexion and extension, and of radial and ulnar deviation of human cadaver wrists, before and after complete transection of the scapholunate ligaments. Despite individual variance between each wrist, we were able to establish a pattern in the changes that occurred after scapholunate ligament injury. During the motions examined, the scaphoid showed an increase in translational deviation in almost all motion axes. In contrast, the movement of the lunate seemed to be impaired, especially in radial-ulnar deviation.

scholarly journals Accuracy and repeatability of wrist joint angles in boxing using an electromagnetic tracking system

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian T. Gatt ◽  
Tom Allen ◽  
Jon Wheat
Keyword(s):  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Electromagnetic Tracking ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Electromagnetic Tracking System

AbstractThe hand-wrist region is reported as the most common injury site in boxing. Boxers are at risk due to the amount of wrist motions when impacting training equipment or their opponents, yet we know relatively little about these motions. This paper describes a new method for quantifying wrist motion in boxing using an electromagnetic tracking system. Surrogate testing procedure utilising a polyamide hand and forearm shape, and in vivo testing procedure utilising 29 elite boxers, were used to assess the accuracy and repeatability of the system. 2D kinematic analysis was used to calculate wrist angles using photogrammetry, whilst the data from the electromagnetic tracking system was processed with visual 3D software. The electromagnetic tracking system agreed with the video-based system (paired t tests) in both the surrogate (< 0.2°) and quasi-static testing (< 6°). Both systems showed a good intraclass coefficient of reliability (ICCs > 0.9). In the punch testing, for both repeated jab and hook shots, the electromagnetic tracking system showed good reliability (ICCs > 0.8) and substantial reliability (ICCs > 0.6) for flexion–extension and radial-ulnar deviation angles, respectively. The results indicate that wrist kinematics during punching activities can be measured using an electromagnetic tracking system.

Design of a Wearable 3-DOF Forearm Exoskeleton for Rehabilitation and Assistive Purposes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghee Lee ◽  
Pinhas Ben-Tzvi
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
System A ◽  
Arm Rehabilitation ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Three Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Flexion And Extension

This paper presents the design and analysis of a portable forearm exoskeleton designed for rehabilitation and assistive purposes (FE.RAP). The design uses a direct-drive mechanism to actuate three degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the wrist, including: (1) wrist flexion and extension, (2) wrist radial and ulnar deviation, and (3) forearm supination and pronation. In recent decades, automated at-home recovery therapies have emerged as popular alternatives to hospital-based rehabilitation. Often in the case of lower arm rehabilitation, however, existing exoskeletons are not practical to use as home rehabilitation devices due to being non-transportable, bulky in size, and heavy in weight. In addition, compact sized exoskeletons often lack sufficient DOFs to mirror the natural movements of the hand. This paper proposes a design that addresses the drawbacks of current exoskeletons. The FE.RAP is designed to be portable and lightweight, while maintaining sufficient DOFs to help patients recover the range of motion needed by the wrist and forearm to support activities of daily living (ADL). Along with the design, the paper presents an analysis used to optimize the workspace for each DOF of the system. A kinematic analysis is performed to validate and compare the workspace of the system, as well as the coupling relationship between the DOFs, to that of the human hand and wrist. Finally, the torque required to support most ADLs is determined using static and dynamic analyses.

scholarly journals An Approach to Robotic Testing of the Wrist Using Three-Dimensional Imaging and a Hybrid Testing Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Badida ◽  
Edgar Garcia-Lopez ◽  
Claire Sise ◽  
Douglas C. Moore ◽  
Joseph J. Crisco
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Robotic Testing

Abstract Robotic technology is increasingly used for sophisticated in vitro testing designed to understand the subtleties of joint biomechanics. Typically, the joint coordinate systems in these studies are established via palpation and digitization of anatomic landmarks. We are interested in wrist mechanics in which overlying soft tissues and indistinct bony features can introduce considerable variation in landmark localization, leading to descriptions of kinematics and kinetics that may not appropriately align with the bony anatomy. In the wrist, testing is often performed using either load or displacement control with standard material testers. However, these control modes either do not consider all six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) or reflect the nonlinear mechanical properties of the wrist joint. The development of an appropriate protocol to investigate complexities of wrist mechanics would potentially advance our understanding of normal, pathological, and artificial wrist function. In this study, we report a novel methodology for using CT imaging to generate anatomically aligned coordinate systems and a new methodology for robotic testing of wrist. The methodology is demonstrated with the testing of 9 intact cadaver specimens in 24 unique directions of wrist motion to a resultant torque of 2.0 N·m. The mean orientation of the major principal axis of range of motion (ROM) envelope was oriented 12.1 ± 2.7 deg toward ulnar flexion, which was significantly different (p &lt; 0.001) from the anatomical flexion/extension axis. The largest wrist ROM was 98 ± 9.3 deg in the direction of ulnar flexion, 15 deg ulnar from pure flexion, consistent with previous studies [1,2]. Interestingly, the radial and ulnar components of the resultant torque were the most dominant across all directions of wrist motion. The results of this study showed that we can efficiently register anatomical coordinate systems from CT imaging space to robotic test space adaptable to any cadaveric joint experiments and demonstrated a combined load-position strategy for robotic testing of wrist.

Kinematics of the Midcarpal and Radiocarpal Joint in Flexion and Extension: An In Vitro Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1142-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Kaufmann ◽  
H. James Pfaeffle ◽  
Brad D. Blankenhorn ◽  
Kathryne Stabile ◽  
Doug Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Radiocarpal Joint ◽  
Flexion And Extension

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of a New Workflow for the Acquisition of Mandibular Kinematics Based on Portable Tracking System with Passive Optical Reflective Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3947
Author(s):  
Marco Farronato ◽  
Gianluca M. Tartaglia ◽  
Cinzia Maspero ◽  
Luigi M. Gallo ◽  
Vera Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Optical Tracking System ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Mandibular Kinematics

Clinical use of portable optical tracking system in dentistry could improve the analysis of mandibular movements for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A new workflow for the acquisition of mandibular kinematics was developed. Reproducibility of measurements was tested in vitro and intra- and inter-rater repeatability were assessed in vivo in healthy volunteers. Prescribed repeated movements (n = 10) in three perpendicular directions of the tracking-device coordinate system were performed. Measurement error and coefficient of variation (CV) among repetitions were determined. Mandibular kinematics of maximum opening, left and right laterality, protrusion and retrusion of five healthy subjects were recorded in separate sessions by three different operators. Obtained records were blindly examined by three observers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Maximum in vitro measurement error was 0.54 mm and CV = 0.02. Overall, excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.90) for each variable, general excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 1.00) for all variables, and good reliability (ICC > 0.75) for inter-rater tests were obtained. A lower score was obtained for retrusion with “moderate reliability” (ICC = 0.557) in the inter-rater tests. Excellent repeatability and reliability in optical tracking of primary movements were observed using the tested portable tracking device and the developed workflow.

Assessment of Muscle Activity and Joint Angles in Small-Handed Pianists: A Pilot Study on the 7/8-Sized Keyboard versus the Full-Sized Keyboard

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
B G Wristen ◽  
M C Jung ◽  
A K G Wismer ◽  
M S Hallbeck
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Muscle Loading ◽  
Maximal Angle ◽  
Flexion And Extension

This pilot study examined whether the use of a 7/8 keyboard contributed to the physical ease of small-handed pianists as compared with the conventional piano keyboard. A secondary research question focused on the progression of physical ease in pianists making the transition from one keyboard to the other. For the purposes of this study, a hand span of 8 inches or less was used to define a “small-handed” pianist. The goal was to measure muscle loading and hand span during performance of a specified musical excerpt. For data collection, each of the two participants was connected to an 8-channel electromyography system via surface electrodes, which were attached to the upper back/shoulder, parts of the hand and arm, and masseter muscle of the jaw. Subjects also were fitted with electrogoniometers to capture how the span from the first metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint to the fifth MCP joint moves according to performance demands, as well as wrist flexion and extension and radial and ulnar deviation. We found that small-handed pianists preferred the smaller keyboard and were able to transition between it and the conventional keyboard. The maximal angle of hand span while playing a difficult piece was about 5º smaller radially and 10º smaller ulnarly for the 7/8 keyboard, leading to perceived ease and better performance as rated by the pianists.

Circumferential, not longitudinal, colonic stretch increases synaptic input to mouse prevertebral ganglion neurons

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (6) ◽  
pp. G1129-G1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Miller ◽  
J. H. Szurszewski
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Mesenteric Ganglion ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The relationship between longitudinal and circular muscle tension in the mouse colon and mechanosensory excitatory synaptic input to neurons in the superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG) was investigated in vitro. Electrical activity was recorded intracellularly from SMG neurons, and muscle tension was simultaneously monitored in the longitudinal, circumferential, or both axes. Colonic intraluminal pressure and volume changes were also monitored simultaneously with muscle tension changes. The results showed that the frequency of fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in SMG neurons increased when colonic muscle tension decreased, when the colon relaxed and refilled with fluid after contraction, and during receptive relaxation preceding spontaneous colonic contractions. In contrast, fEPSP frequency decreased when colonic muscle tension increased during spontaneous colonic contraction and emptying. Manual stretch of the colon wall to 10-15% beyond resting length in the circumferential axis of flat sheet preparations increased fEPSP frequency in SMG neurons, but stretch in the longitudinal axis to 15% beyond resting length in the same preparations did not. There was no increase in synaptic input when tubular colon segments were stretched in their long axes up to 20% beyond their resting length. The circumferential stretch-sensitive increase in the frequency of synaptic input to SMG neurons persisted when the colonic muscles were relaxed pharmacologically by nifedipine (2 μM) or nicardipine (3 μM). These results suggest that colonic mechanosensory afferent nerves projecting to the SMG function as length or stretch detectors in parallel to the circular muscle layer.

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