Structural Robustness of Unidirectional Dependent Networks Based on Attack Strategies

Abstract Current works have been focused on the robustness of single network and interdependent networks. However, to be more correct, the dependence of many real systems should be described as unidirectional. To study the structural robustness of networks with unidirectional dependence, the dependent networks named UDN are proposed, the description of the propagation of failures in them is given, as well as the introduction of the attack strategies that the probability of a node being attacked depends on the degree (DP attack) or on the betweenness (BP attack) of this node. The simulated results show that UDN is more vulnerable to BP attack when is first attacked a node with high betweenness. Compared with the Interacting Networks (IN), the UDN is more fragile under the two attack’s strategies.

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A Survey on Frameworks Used for Robustness Analysis on Interdependent Networks

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2020/2363514 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Ivana Bachmann ◽

Javier Bustos-Jiménez ◽

Benjamin Bustos

Keyword(s):

Robustness Analysis ◽

Network Models ◽

Network Systems ◽

Embedded Networks ◽

Interdependent Networks ◽

Interdependent Network ◽

Interacting Networks ◽

Robustness Metrics ◽

Synthetic Models ◽

Multiple Interactions

The analysis of network robustness tackles the problem of studying how a complex network behaves under adverse scenarios, such as failures or attacks. In particular, the analysis of interdependent networks’ robustness focuses on the specific case of the robustness of interacting networks and their emerging behaviors. This survey systematically reviews literature of frameworks that analyze the robustness of interdependent networks published between 2005 and 2017. This review shows that there exists a broad range of interdependent network models, robustness metrics, and studies that can be used to understand the behaviour of different systems under failure or attack. Regarding models, we found that there is a focus on systems where a node in one layer interacts with exactly one node at another layer. In studies, we observed a focus on the network percolation. While among the metrics, we observed a focus on measures that count network elements. Finally, for the networks used to test the frameworks, we found that the focus was on synthetic models, rather than analysis of real network systems. This review suggests opportunities in network research, such as the study of robustness on interdependent networks with multiple interactions and/or spatially embedded networks, and the use of interdependent network models in realistic network scenarios.

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Interconnected & interdependent networks

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH) ◽

10.29172/a47b235a072e4d3094cc43b2451d6bcd ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Interdependent Networks

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The interface of unidirectional rewards: Enhanced cooperation within interdependent networks

Applied Mathematics and Computation ◽

10.1016/j.amc.2021.126151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 402 ◽

pp. 126151

Author(s):

Yifan Liu ◽

Yini Geng ◽

Chunpeng Du ◽

Kaipeng Hu ◽

Chen Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interdependent Networks

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Greedy control of cascading failures in interdependent networks

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82843-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Malgorzata Turalska ◽

Ananthram Swami

Keyword(s):

Optimal Control ◽

Complex Systems ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Cascading Failures ◽

Optimal Control Strategy ◽

Supercritical Regime ◽

Interdependent Networks ◽

Malicious Activity ◽

Cross System ◽

Made In

AbstractComplex systems are challenging to control because the system responds to the controller in a nonlinear fashion, often incorporating feedback mechanisms. Interdependence of systems poses additional difficulties, as cross-system connections enable malicious activity to spread between layers, increasing systemic risk. In this paper we explore the conditions for an optimal control of cascading failures in a system of interdependent networks. Specifically, we study the Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld sandpile model incorporating a control mechanism, which affects the frequency of cascades occurring in individual layers. This modification allows us to explore sandpile-like dynamics near the critical state, with supercritical region corresponding to infrequent large cascades and subcritical zone being characterized by frequent small avalanches. Topological coupling between networks introduces dependence of control settings adopted in respective layers, causing the control strategy of a given layer to be influenced by choices made in other connected networks. We find that the optimal control strategy for a layer operating in a supercritical regime is to be coupled to a layer operating in a subcritical zone, since such condition corresponds to reduced probability of inflicted avalanches. However this condition describes a parasitic relation, in which only one layer benefits. Second optimal configuration is a mutualistic one, where both layers adopt the same control strategy. Our results provide valuable insights into dynamics of cascading failures and and its control in interdependent complex systems.

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Measure point arrangement strategy for in-service continuous girder bridge SHM with consideration of structural robustness (Special Issue of ICAST 2019)

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x20983886 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1045389X2098388

Author(s):

Qiwen Jin ◽

Zheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Engineering Application ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Continuous Beam ◽

Operational Environment ◽

Structural Robustness ◽

Structural Style ◽

Effective Manner ◽

Continuous Girder Bridge ◽

Girder Bridge

In-service bridges, under long-term service operational environment, are usually accompanied by different damage types. Traditional method for the measure point arrangement of in-service bridge SHM is usually based on engineering experience. A large number of SHM sensors are usually arranged on the structure, followed by a high engineering cost and a heavy maintenance task. These sensors will also produce large amounts of data, creating a challenge for operators requiring to deal with data processing in an effective manner. This study serves as a part of the series of studies on the measure point arrangement strategy of in-service bridge SHM. In this study, the SHM sensor measure point arrangement of in-service continuous girder bridge (a common structural style of high way bridge in China) is proposed. Two-span continuous beam, three-span continuous beam, and four-span continuous beam are taken as examples. Detailed comparison and verification are also performed with consideration of numerical simulation and previous studies. Different traffic speeds and different bridge spans are considered. The effect of different damage locations and different damage degrees are analyzed in detail. This study shows that a general similar trend can be observed for the structural robustness of in-service continuous girder bridge. The elements with smaller structural robustness of this kind of bridge are basically located around the middle cross section of side spans (first span and last span), followed by the middle span. Moreover, the numerical value of structural robustness of different elements in a continuous girder bridge is significantly different from each other, due to the complexity of the joint effect of different traffic speeds and damage locations. Therefore, the measure point should be generally arranged at the side span firstly, followed by the middle span. With consideration of the specific traffic speed and damage location in engineering application, a detailed analysis is also proposed for the further optimization of SHM sensor measure point arrangement. Once the elements are arranged in order of the numerical value of structural robustness, the SHM sensor measure point arrangement of this kind of bridge can be more targeted, and the number of sensors can also be greatly reduced.

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Improvement on Load-Induced Cascading Failure in Asymmetrical Interdependent Networks: Modeling and Analysis

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2015/194568 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haiyan Han ◽

Rennong Yang

Keyword(s):

Load Capacity ◽

Small World ◽

Cascading Failure ◽

Modeling And Analysis ◽

Interdependent Networks ◽

Interdependent Network ◽

Capacity Model ◽

Weight Structure ◽

Edge Failure ◽

Asymmetrical Model

Many real-world systems can be depicted as interdependent networks and they usually show an obvious property of asymmetry. Furthermore, node or edge failure can trigger load redistribution which leads to a cascade of failure in the whole network. In order to deeply investigate the load-induced cascading failure, firstly, an asymmetrical model of interdependent network consisting of a hierarchical weighted network and a WS small-world network is constructed. Secondly, an improved “load-capacity” model is applied for node failure and edge failure, respectively, followed by a series of simulations of cascading failure over networks in both interdependent and isolated statuses. The simulation results prove that the robustness in isolated network changes more promptly than that in the interdependent one. Network robustness is positively related to “capacity,” but negatively related to “load.” The hierarchical weight structure in the subnetwork leads to a “plateau” phenomenon in the progress of cascading failure.

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