The Hybrid Drive: a chronic implant device combining tetrode arrays with silicon probes for layer-resolved ensemble electrophysiology in freely moving mice

Understanding the function of brain cortices requires simultaneous investigation at multiple spatial and temporal scales and to link neural activity to an animal's behavior. A major challenge is to measure within- and across-layer information in actively behaving animals, in particular in mice that have become a major species in neuroscience due to an extensive genetic toolkit. Here we describe the Hybrid Drive, a new chronic implant for mice that combines tetrode arrays to record within-layer information with silicon probes to simultaneously measure across-layer information. The flexible, open-source design allows custom spatial arrangements of tetrode arrays and silicon probes to generate areas-specific layouts. We show that large numbers of neurons and layer-resolved local field potentials can be recorded from the same brain region across weeks without loss in electrophysiological signal quality. The drive's light-weight structure (3.5 g) leaves animal behavior largely unchanged during a variety of experimental paradigms, enabling the study of rich, naturalistic behaviors. We demonstrate the power of the Hybrid Drive in a series of experiments linking the spiking activity of CA1 pyramidal layer neurons to the oscillatory activity across hippocampal layers.

Co-Treatment of Purified Annatto Oil (Bixa orellana L.) and Its Granules (Chronic®) Improves the Blood Lipid Profile and Bone Protective Effects of Testosterone in the Orchiectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Wistar Rats

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of co-treatment with purified annatto oil (PAO) or its granules (GRA, Chronic®) with that of testosterone on the orchiectomy-induced osteoporosis in Wistar rats. After surgery, rats were treated from day 7 until day 45 with testosterone only (TES, 7 mg/kg, IM) or TES + PAO or GRA (200 mg/kg, p.o.). The following parameters were evaluated: food/water intake, weight, HDL, LDL, glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alkaline phosphatase levels, blood phosphorus and calcium contents, femur weight, structure (through scanning electron microscopy), and calcium content (through atomic absorption spectrophotometry). Our results show that orchiectomy could significantly change the blood lipid profile and decrease bone integrity parameters. Testosterone reposition alone could improve some endpoints, including LDL, TC, bone weight, and bone calcium concentration. However, other parameters were not significantly improved. Co-treatment with PAO or GRA improved the blood lipid profile and bone integrity more significantly and improved some endpoints not affected by testosterone reposition alone (such as TG levels and trabeculae sizes). The results suggest that co-treatment with annatto products improved the blood lipid profile and the anti-osteoporosis effects of testosterone. Overall, GRA had better results than PAO.

Optimal learning with excitatory and inhibitory synapses

Characterizing the relation between weight structure and input/output statistics is fundamental for understanding the computational capabilities of neural circuits. In this work, I study the problem of storing associations between analog signals in the presence of correlations, using methods from statistical mechanics. I characterize the typical learning performance in terms of the power spectrum of random input and output processes. I show that optimal synaptic weight configurations reach a capacity of 0.5 for any fraction of excitatory to inhibitory weights and have a peculiar synaptic distribution with a finite fraction of silent synapses. I further provide a link between typical learning performance and principal components analysis in single cases. These results may shed light on the synaptic profile of brain circuits, such as cerebellar structures, that are thought to engage in processing time-dependent signals and performing on-line prediction.

Utilization of shrimp (penaeus menodon) and Caranx mate fish in the production of fish powder made with different methods

This work has been carried out in order to determine the weight structure of both; shrimp )penaeus menodon ) and species (Caranx mate) belong to jack family, to find out the ratio of loss of unconsumed part and compare the microbial infections and nutrients of shrimp and jack powder after the different treatments. bacteriological and chemicals composition test carrying out, to find the total microbial count and the presence of Salmonella species, nutrient value such as fats, protein, mineral, moistures, fat-to-protein ratio and calculation of calories value existing in samples, sensory evaluation was also performed. The study showed that the unconsumed part of the fish %53.23 is higher than the shrimp's % 42.08 which equivalent the half production. Microbe test of the samples showed that shrimp and jack were contaminated with considerable numbers of bacteria, however, after drying, the total number was (10 > Cell forming unit). All samples, before and after treatment, were free of Salmonella. Also the results showed that difference between the two powders were significant in fat ratio; for the shrimp powder showed higher fat ratio, so its calorie value was higher. The results showed that difference between the two treatments in chemicals composition value for powders and there were no significant differences between the shrimp and fish waste powders, which were prepared in different ways in the sensory characteristics of shrimp and fish in different ways. The study has concluded that we can benefit from fish waste by manufacturing them into further good quality products that can be used for animal feed and further purposes.

Towards High Molecular Weight Furan-Based Polyesters: Solid State Polymerization Study of Bio-Based Poly(Propylene Furanoate) and Poly(Butylene Furanoate)

In the era of polymers from renewable resources, polyesters derived from 2,5 furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) have received increasing attention due to their outstanding features. To commercialize them, it is necessary to synthesize high molecular weight polymers through efficient and simple methods. In this study, two furan-based polyesters, namely poly (propylene furanoate) (PPF) and poly(butylene furanoate) (PBF), were synthesized with the conventional two-step melt polycondensation, followed by solid-state polycondensation (SSP) conducted at different temperatures and reaction times. Molecular weight, structure and thermal properties were measured for all resultant polyesters. As expected, increasing SSP time and temperature results in polymers with increased intrinsic viscosity (IV), increased molecular weight and reduced carboxyl end-group content. Finally, those results were used to generate a simple mathematical model that prognosticates the time evolution of the materials’ IV and end groups concentration during SSP.

Memory Allocation of Automated VM on a Server in Cloud

VMMs keep memory utilizing those four previously been coordinated into the mainline portions. This variant offers the shopper solicitation to the server for the memory allocation. In this, we devise a mellow weight structure dependent on the Xen expand intention power to oversee memory inside the server of the VM's. Our purchaser which is going to show does never again meddle with the VM's. We have sorts of planning one is GLOBAL and diverse one is SELF scheduling. This principle thought is to "Procedure MEMORY ALLOCATION". In this we're especially going to utilize the ballon calculation directly here