Spatio-temporal deixis and cognitive models in early Indo-European

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Annamaria Bartolotta
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Point Mapping ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Spatial Terms ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Events

AbstractThis paper is a comparative study based on the linguistic evidence in Vedic Sanskrit and Homeric Greek, aimed at reconstructing the space-time cognitive models used in the Proto-Indo-European language in a diachronic perspective. While it has been widely recognized that ancient Indo-European languages construed earlier (and past) events as in front of later ones, as predicted in the Time-Reference-Point mapping, it is less clear how in the same languages the passage took place from this ‘archaic’ Time-RP model or non-deictic sequence, in which future events are behind or follow the past ones in a temporal sequence, to the more recent ‘post-archaic’ Ego-RP model that is found only from the classical period onwards, in which the future is located in front and the past in back of a deictic observer. Data from the Rigveda and the Homeric poems show that an Ego-RP mapping with an ego-perspective frame of reference (FoR) could not have existed yet at an early Indo-European stage. In particular, spatial terms of front and behind turn out to be used with reference not only to temporal events, but also to east and west respectively, thus presupposing the existence of an absolute field-based FoR which the temporal sequence is metaphorically related to. Specifically, sequence is relative position on a path appears to be motivated by what has been called day orientation frame, in which the different positions of the sun during the day motivate the mapping of front onto ‘earlier’ and behind onto ‘later’, without involving ego’s ‘now’. These findings suggest that early Indo-European still had not made use of spatio-temporal deixis based on the tense-related ego-perspective FoR found in modern languages.

View from Vanishing Point

Mnemosyne ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Vanishing Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epistemic Access ◽  
Strategic Model ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Moments

This paper explores the aspects of mortal temporal awareness which Eteocles reveals as he struggles with the paradox that we have epistemic access to the past but not to the future. His rejection of divine assistance and his attempt to shape strategy and control future events have particular resonance for contemporary Athens where control of muthos and kairos was increasingly viewed as key to determining the future of the polis. The Pindaric model of the myth in Pythian 8 bolsters oligarchic tradition, while Aeschylus suggests a new strategic model for the evolving democratic meta-city. Through analysis of critical moments, imagery and Aeschylus’ stylistic use of tense and mood, we see how Eteocles follows a linguistic trajectory which articulates his psychological journey and highlights the spatio-temporal dynamics of the play.

Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Surface Net Radiation in China over the Past 50 Years

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangzi GAO ◽  
Honglin HE ◽  
Li ZHANG ◽  
Qianqian LU ◽  
Guirui YU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Indo-Europeans

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Craig Melchert
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Second Millennium Bce

This article presents an overview of the arrival and florescence of the Indo-European languages in Anatolia, the most famous of which is Hittite. The weight of current linguistic evidence supports the traditional view that Indo-European speakers are intrusive to Asia Minor, coming from somewhere in eastern Europe. There is a growing consensus that the differentiation among the Indo-European Anatolian languages begins at least by the mid-second millennium BCE and possibly earlier. It is likely, but not strictly provable, that this differentiation correlates with the entry of the Indo-European speakers into Anatolia and their subsequent dispersal. Nothing definitive can be said about the route by which the Indo-European entry took place.

scholarly journals Linear Response of General Observables in Spiking Neuronal Network Models

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Bruno Cessac ◽  
Ignacio Ampuero ◽  
Rodrigo Cofré
Keyword(s):  
Linear Response ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Network Models ◽  
General Context ◽  
Collective Effect ◽  
Neuronal Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Spike Dynamics

We establish a general linear response relation for spiking neuronal networks, based on chains with unbounded memory. This relation allow us to predict the influence of a weak amplitude time dependent external stimuli on spatio-temporal spike correlations, from the spontaneous statistics (without stimulus) in a general context where the memory in spike dynamics can extend arbitrarily far in the past. Using this approach, we show how the linear response is explicitly related to the collective effect of the stimuli, intrinsic neuronal dynamics, and network connectivity on spike train statistics. We illustrate our results with numerical simulations performed over a discrete time integrate and fire model.

scholarly journals A palace fit for the future: Desirability in temporal work

2021 ◽  
pp. 147612702110120
Author(s):  
Siavash Alimadadi ◽  
Andrew Davies ◽  
Fredrik Tell
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
Renewal Program ◽  
The Future ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Pluralistic Contexts

Research on the strategic organization of time often assumes that collective efforts are motivated by and oriented toward achieving desirable, although not necessarily well-defined, future states. In situations surrounded by uncertainty where work has to proceed urgently to avoid an impending disaster, however, temporal work is guided by engaging with both desirable and undesirable future outcomes. Drawing on a real-time, in-depth study of the inception of the Restoration and Renewal program of the Palace of Westminster, we investigate how organizational actors develop a strategy for an uncertain and highly contested future while safeguarding ongoing operations in the present and preserving the heritage of the past. Anticipation of undesirable future events played a crucial role in mobilizing collective efforts to move forward. We develop a model of future desirability in temporal work to identify how actors construct, link, and navigate interpretations of desirable and undesirable futures in their attempts to create a viable path of action. By conceptualizing temporal work based on the phenomenological quality of the future, we advance understanding of the strategic organization of time in pluralistic contexts characterized by uncertainty and urgency.

Church Time and Astrological Time in the Waning Middle Ages

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Hilary M. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Primary Qualities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Scientific Claims ◽  
To Come

Time, according to medieval theologians and philosophers, was experienced in radically different ways by God and by his creation. Indeed, the obligation to dwell in time, and therefore to have no sure knowledge of what was to come, was seen as one of the primary qualities which marked the post-lapsarian state. When Adam and Eve were cast out of the garden of delights, they entered a world afflicted with the changing of the seasons, in which they were obliged to work and consume themselves with the needs of the present day and the still unknown dangers of the next. Medieval concerns about the use and abuse of time were not merely confined to anxiety about the present, or awareness of seized or missed opportunities in the past. The future was equally worrying, in particular the extent to which this part of time was set aside for God alone, or whether it was permissible to seek to know the future, either through revelation and prophecy, or through science. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the scientific claims of astrology to provide a means to explain the outcome of past and future events, circumventing God’s distant authority, became more and more insistent. This paper begins by examining one skirmish in this larger battle over the control of the future.

Time and Truth: The Presentism-Eternalism Debate

Philosophy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Stoneham
Keyword(s):  
Open Future ◽  
Equal Footing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Growing Block ◽  
The Open Future ◽  
Block Universe ◽  
The Way

AbstractThere are many questions we can ask about time, but perhaps the most fundamental is whether there are metaphysically interesting differences between past, present and future events. An eternalist believes in a block universe: past, present and future events are all on an equal footing. A gradualist believes in a growing block: he agrees with the eternalist about the past and the present but not about the future. A presentist believes that what is present has a special status. My first claim is that the familiar ways of articulating these views result in there being no substantive disagreement at all between the three parties. I then show that if we accept the controversial truthmaking principle, we can articulate a substantive disagreement. Finally, I apply this way of formulating the debate to related questions such as the open future and determinism, showing that these do not always line up in quite the way one would expect.

scholarly journals Ensemble reconstruction of spatio-temporal extreme low-flow events in France since 1871

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2923-2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Caillouet ◽  
Jean-Philippe Vidal ◽  
Eric Sauquet ◽  
Alexandre Devers ◽  
Benjamin Graff
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Variable Threshold ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Events ◽  
Rich Countries

Abstract. The length of streamflow observations is generally limited to the last 50 years even in data-rich countries like France. It therefore offers too small a sample of extreme low-flow events to properly explore the long-term evolution of their characteristics and associated impacts. To overcome this limit, this work first presents a daily 140-year ensemble reconstructed streamflow dataset for a reference network of near-natural catchments in France. This dataset, called SCOPE Hydro (Spatially COherent Probabilistic Extended Hydrological dataset), is based on (1) a probabilistic precipitation, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France, called SCOPE Climate, and (2) continuous hydrological modelling using SCOPE Climate as forcings over the whole period. This work then introduces tools for defining spatio-temporal extreme low-flow events. Extreme low-flow events are first locally defined through the sequent peak algorithm using a novel combination of a fixed threshold and a daily variable threshold. A dedicated spatial matching procedure is then established to identify spatio-temporal events across France. This procedure is furthermore adapted to the SCOPE Hydro 25-member ensemble to characterize in a probabilistic way unrecorded historical events at the national scale. Extreme low-flow events are described and compared in a spatially and temporally homogeneous way over 140 years on a large set of catchments. Results highlight well-known recent events like 1976 or 1989–1990, but also older and relatively forgotten ones like the 1878 and 1893 events. These results contribute to improving our knowledge of historical events and provide a selection of benchmark events for climate change adaptation purposes. Moreover, this study allows for further detailed analyses of the effect of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change on low-flow hydrology at the scale of France.

Retrieval of spatio-temporal sequence in asynchronous neural network

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 3346-3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Nishimori ◽  
Tota Nakamura ◽  
Masatoshi Shiino
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence to understand the past and chart the future of malaria control in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Macharia ◽  
Emanuele Giorgi ◽  
Abdisalan M. Noor ◽  
Ejersa Waqo ◽  
Rebecca Kiptui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spatio Temporal
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