Ultrasound to estimate the physical-mechanical properties of tropical wood species grown in an agroforestry system

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Reis Prazeres Mascarenhas ◽  
Rafael Rodolfo de Melo ◽  
Alexandre Santos Pimenta ◽  
Diego Martins Stangerlin ◽  
Fernando Luiz de Oliveira Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
African Mahogany ◽  
Adult Trees

Abstract The great diversity of tropical wood species makes it difficult to obtain information about their technological properties. The present work employed ultrasound to estimate the physical and mechanical properties of four wood species: African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis), ‘freijó’ (Cordia goeldiana), ‘paricá’ (Schizolobium amazonicum), and teak (Tectona grandis). Nineteen-year-old adult trees were selected and harvested from an agroforestry system (AFS) located in the Brazilian Amazon. From the harvested trees, 1.5 m logs were sawn and test specimens were obtained for physical-mechanical assays. The ultrasound propagation speed (V 0) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity (E d ) were obtained from applying ultrasound longitudinally in wood samples. Values of V 0 decreased from the lightest wood (paricá) to the heaviest (African mahogany), and E d presented the opposite behavior. For the physical properties, the coefficient of determination (R 2) ranged from 12 to 35% and the best linear regression models were fitted for the basic density, having V 0 and E d as independent variables. For the mechanical properties, the values of R 2 varied from 18 to 63% and higher correlations were found between parallel-to-grain compression strength and E d , and rigidity, static bending and Ed. Ultrasound presented the potential to estimate the properties of tropical wood species from the ASF.

Influence of provenance on physical and mechanical properties of Angelim-pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke.) wood species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Naves Teixeira ◽  
Anderson Renato Vobornik Wolenski ◽  
Vinicius Borges de Moura Aquino ◽  
Tulio Hallak Panzera ◽  
Diogo Aparecido Lopes Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties

Influence of Moisture Content in some Mechanical Properties of Two Brazilian Tropical Wood Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Melgaço N. Branco ◽  
Eduardo Chahud ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr ◽  
Rosane A.G. Battistelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Fiber Saturation ◽  
Brazilian Standard

This study aimed, with the aid of analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate and quantify the influence of moisture ranging between 12% and over 30% (fiber saturation) on the mechanical properties: strength and modulus of elasticity in compression and in tension parallel to grain; modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in static bending; shear strength parallel to grain considering wood species Ipê (Tabebuia sp) and Angelim Araroba (Vataireopsis araroba). Tests were performed according to the assumptions and calculating methods Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190, Anexx B, totalizing 400 tests. Results of ANOVA revealed a significant reduction (16% on average) for mechanical properties wood due to the increase in moisture content from 12% to over 30% (fiber saturation). The same behavior also occurred when assembly containing the two species was considered.

scholarly journals LAMINAR INCLUSION IN SUGARCANE BAGASSE PARTICLEBOARD

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Stefania Lima Oliveira ◽  
Ticyane Pereira Freire ◽  
Tamires Galvão Tavares Pereira ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
Rafael Farinassi Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to assess the effect of the laminar inclusion on the physical and mechanical properties of sugarcane bagasse particleboard. We used the commercial panels of sugarcane bagasse produced in China. To evaluate the effect of the laminar inclusion was tested two wood species (Pinus and Eucalyptus) and two pressures (10 and 15 kgf.cm-2) along with a control (without laminar inclusion). The panels with laminar inclusion obtained improvements in the physical properties, with a significant reduction in the WA2h, WA24h and TS2h. There was a significant increase in the properties MOE and MOR parallel and Janka hardness, while the properties MOE and MOR perpendicular decreased significantly. The pinus and eucalyptus veneers inclusion resulted in similar results when added to the panel with a 10 kgf.cm-2 pressure. The use of 15 kgf.cm-2 pressure is not indicated for the pinus veneer inclusion in sugar cane bagasse panels. There was no effect of the pressure level when evaluating the eucalyptus veneer inclusion on the properties of the sugarcane bagasse panels.

WOOD SELECTION OF ANCIENT TEMPLES IN THE SIKKIM HIMALAYAS

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechtild Mertz ◽  
Sangeeta Gupta ◽  
Yutaka Hirako ◽  
Pimpim de Azevedo ◽  
Junji Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Eastern Himalayas ◽  
Buddhist Temple ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Religious Considerations ◽  
Selection Of

Microscopic wood identifications were performed on five Buddhist temple structures and on one secular building located in Sikkim, an Indian state in the Eastern Himalayas. In all, twenty wood species were identified, two of which – Michelia (Magnolia) doltsopa and Picea cf. spinulosa – were considered in more detail. Building type, specific physical and mechanical properties of the wood species, local availability, and religious considerations were apparently the leading criteria for timber selection.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL, ULTRASTRUCTURAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL WOOD PROPERTIES OF TWO-YEAR-OLD Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Angélica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Mario Tomazello Filho ◽  
Paulina Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Adult Trees

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus wood from adult trees is used for several purposes; however, the wood of younger trees has limited use. This study aims to characterize and propose uses of two-year-old eucalyptus wood. Six two-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones have been selected and their anatomical, ultrastructural, physical and mechanical wood characteristics evaluated. The wood of Clone A shows more robust fibers with better microfibril arrangement, resulting in better mechanical properties, and therefore, a better performance for structural use. Clone F showed a low variation of wood basic density in the radial direction, facilitating its machinability, and with the Clone B, showed a lower anisotropy, and therefore, the wood is recommended for locations with high variations of humidity. The heterogeneity of the wood characteristics of the evaluated clones confirms the need for further studies, to choose those most adequate to each use.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DRYING ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD FROM TREES GROWN IN AN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Eloy ◽  
Eduarda Bandera ◽  
Tauana Mangini ◽  
Laura da Silva Zanchetta ◽  
Rômulo Trevisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba ◽  
Standard Specimens ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation

ABSTRACT The cultivation of native and exotic species intercropped in an agroforestry system raises the interest for information on the properties of wood. Therefore, different methods are being tested to improve the technological properties of this material, including drying, which causes changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The present study investigated the influence of drying on the physical and mechanical properties of wood from tree species grown in an agroforestry system. Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill × Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake (hybrid), and Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake were the species selected for the study. Three 9-year-old individuals of each of the species were obtained from an agroforestry system. Thirty wood samples (2.5 × 2.5 × 41 cm) were extracted from each species. The wood samples were divided between temperature treatments; 6 samples were used for each heat treatment (control, 120, 150, 180, and 210 °C), which were then dried for two hours in an oven (with forced air circulation). Following the heat treatment, the mechanical properties of wood samples were evaluated to determine the modulus of elasticity and rupture, the tension in the proportional limit, and maximum force according to the ASTM D-143-94 (2000) standard. Finally, the physical properties of the retractability of the wood samples were evaluated according to the NBR 7190 (ABNT, 1997) standard. Specimens used to analyze this variable came from sections of the wood (sample dimensions: 2.5 × 2.5 × 5 cm) not affected by the static bending test. Our findings indicate that, for all species investigated in this study, drying alters the physical and mechanical properties of the wood, with the most significant changes occurring at temperatures between 120 and 180 °C.

scholarly journals An African violin – The feasibility of using indigenous wood from southern Africa as tonewood

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Meincken ◽  
Gerhard Roux ◽  
Thomas Niesler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
The Body ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Wind Instrument ◽  
Audio Recordings

The wood used to make musical instruments needs to have particular properties. Depending on its function, such as a soundboard for string instruments or the body of a wind instrument, different properties are desirable to obtain the best musical quality. Several different classification schemes exist that correlate physical and mechanical properties of wood to define desirable ranges for tonewoods, and to allow suitable wood species to be chosen. The physical and mechanical properties of various wood species indigenous to southern Africa were characterised and then assessed in terms of their suitability for violin construction using these classification schemes. The results of this analysis show that the most suitable of the wood species assessed are yellowwood and sapele. These were subsequently used by a professional luthier to build an ‘African’ violin. The sound quality of this instrument was determined subjectively through performances to an audience and more objectively via spectral analysis of audio recordings. This analysis shows clear differences in the relative magnitude of the harmonics between the violin made from indigenous wood and an instrument made with conventional wood species. Despite the differences, yellowwood and sapele were found to be suitable tonewoods, resulting in an instrument with a unique sound.

scholarly journals Influence of the Procurement Site on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cupiúba Wood Species

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Gomes da Silva ◽  
Diego Henrique De Almeida ◽  
Tiago Hendrigo De Almeida ◽  
Eduardo Chahud ◽  
Luiz Antonio Melgaço Nunes Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties
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