Biomass-Derived N-doped Porous Carbon Catalyst for Aerobic Dehydrogenation of Nitrogen Heterocycles

N-doped porous carbon (NC) could be synthesized route from sugar cane bagasse, which are sustainable and widely available biomass waste. Preferred NC sample has a well-developed porous structure, the graphene-like...

Evaluating the effects of agricultural wastes on concrete and composite mechanical properties: a review

Wastes generation and emission of greenhouse gases are the major concerns of the contemporary world. Concrete’s cements companies in the globe are producing up to 2.8 billion tons of cements annually. This contributed to the emission of anthropogenic substances into the atmosphere which destroys the ozone layers. The incessant disposal of these agricultural wastes has detrimental effect on the environmental and human health. Thus, utilizing these wastes as secondary resources in concrete is a reasonable consideration in sustainable waste management in the circular economy. The use of agricultural wastes in concrete production has been gaining attraction in recent years, however, their effectiveness and performance in concrete need evaluation. This study presents an overview of the effects of some agricultural wastes: Bagasse, Coconut shell, Cotton, Oil palm and Hemp fibers on concrete and composite’s mechanical properties. As reviewed, Sugar-Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) and Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) are rich in cementitious (pozzolanic) properties (SiO2, Fe2O3 and Al2O3) for cement production up to 70%. Sugar-cane bagasse and oil palm-fiber ashes improved concrete workability. SCBA and CSA highly increased the concrete compressive strengths. The concrete tensile strengths were increased up to 97% with the inclusion of cotton and bagasse ashes. The SCBA, hemp-fiber and treated oil palm - fiber ash increased the concrete and composite’s flexural strengths up to 11.3%, 26.2% and 50.7% respectively. In conclusion, the output of this review will supply full data of the research gaps yet to cover on the use of agro-wastes in concrete for future investigations

Experimental Studies on Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash based Geomaterials

Use of conventional materials is increasing day by day due to rapid infrastructural growth which increases the cost of materials and increases the cost of construction. Hence utilization of Sugar cane bagasse ash waste materials without causing threat to environment solves the problems of disposal and also can provide economical materials. In this study glass fiber, sugarcane bagasse ash and blast furnace slag were used and cement used for binding purpose. Different mix ratio was prepared to understand the effect of addition of glass fibre on sugar cane bagasse ash based materials under compressive loading. The mix ratio was taken 0.2 to 1.0% for the research work. Blast furnace slag was added 10% to weight of sugar cane bagasse ash. The sample were tested for compressive loading for 7, 14, 28 days respectively. The density is most important parameter of materials. It was observed that the density of materials significantly influences with addition of glass fibre. The density of materials decreases with percentage of glass fiber increase. The density of materials varies between 901.1 kg/m3 to 741.10kg/m3The compressive strength also significantly affected by percentages of glass fibre. The compressive strength ranging 82 kPa to 798 kPa. The compressive strength increases up to certain mix ratio then decrease continuously. The stiffness of sugar cane bagasse ash specimens reinforced with glass fiber at cement 20% more than 15% and 10%.The stiffness also increase with the curing period. The maximum load was observed at 0.6% mix ratio. The stress strain behavior was observed to be nonlinear.

Physical, Mechanical and Durability Properties of Ecofriendly Ternary Concrete Made with Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash and Silica Fume

In the present investigation, the physical, mechanical and durability properties of six concrete mixtures were evaluated, one of conventional concrete (CC) with 100% Portland cement (PC) and five mixtures of Ecofriendly Ternary Concrete (ETC) made with partial replacement of Portland Cement by combinations of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) and silica fume (SF) at percentages of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The physical properties of slump, temperature, and unit weight were determined, as well as compressive strength, rebound number, and electrical resistivity as a durability parameter. All tests were carried out according to the ASTM and ONNCCE standards. The obtained results show that the physical properties of ETC concretes are very similar to those of conventional concrete, complying with the corresponding regulations. Compressive strength results of all ETC mixtures showed favorable performances, increasing with aging, presenting values similar to CC at 90 days and greater values at 180 days in the ETC-20 and ETC-30 mixtures. Electrical resistivity results indicated that the five ETC mixtures performed better than conventional concrete throughout the entire monitoring period, increasing in durability almost proportionally to the percentage of substitution of Portland cement by the SCBA–SF combination; the ETC mixture made with 40% replacement had the highest resistivity value, which represents the longest durability. The present electrical resistivity indicates that the durability of the five ETC concretes was greater than conventional concrete. The results show that it is feasible to use ETC, because it meets the standards of quality, mechanical resistance and durability, and offers a very significant and beneficial contribution to the environment due to the use of agro-industrial and industrial waste as partial substitutes up to 50% of CPC, which contributes to reduction in CO2 emissions due to the production of Portland cement, responsible for 8% of total emissions worldwide.