Characterization of Black Liquors from Soda-AQ Pulping of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Feng ◽  
R. Alén ◽  
H. Pakkanen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Black Liquors ◽  
Average Molecular Masses ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

Summary Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was delignified in a laboratory-scale digester by conventional soda-AQ pulping under varying conditions. The chemical composition of the corresponding black liquors was analyzed with respect to their main organic constituents. The results showed that the dry solids of the black liquors contained 33–34% lignin, 14–19% aliphatic carboxylic acids and 12–16% polysaccharides. No significant differences were found in the average molecular masses (M̄w 4700–5600 Da and M̄n 650–750 Da) of the dissolved lignins in these black liquors, although the polydispersity (M̄w /M̄n ) values (6.6–7.9) indicated that the molecular masses had a wide distribution. Lignin clearly degraded in the black liquors as delignification proceeded. Of the monosaccharide moieties detected in the polysaccharides, xylose was predominant, suggesting that xylan was a major hemicellulose constituent in the black liquors.

Characterization of dissolved material during the initial phase of softwood kraft pulping

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANNU PAKKANEN ◽  
TEEMU PALOHEIMO ◽  
RAIMO ALÉN
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

The influence of various cooking parameters, such as effective alkali, cooking temperature, and cooking time on the formation of high molecular mass lignin-derived and low molecular mass carbohydrates-derived (aliphatic carboxylic acids) degradation products, mainly during the initial phase of softwood kraft pulping was studied. In addition, the mass transfer of all of these degradation products was clarified based on their concentrations in the cooking liquor inside and outside of the chips. The results indicated that the degradation of the major hemicellulose component, galactoglucomannan, typically was dependent on temperature, and the maximum degradation amount was about 60%. In addition, about 60 min at 284°F (140°C) was needed for leveling off the concentrations of the characteristic reaction products (3,4-dideoxy-pentonic and glucoisosaccharinic acids) between these cooking liquors. Compared with low molecular mass aliphatic acids, the mass transfer of soluble lignin fragments with much higher molecular masses was clearly slower.

scholarly journals Assessment and Characterization of Reed Canary Grass Plantations for Energy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blas Mola ◽  
Xiaoqian Xu ◽  
Oskar Englund ◽  
Ioannis Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Policy Incentives

Research Highlights: (1) Reed canary grass (RCG) is analysed in Sweden compared to willow and poplar for 2001-2020 (2) Each crop presents a different land-use and climatic profile (3) Average yield records of reed canary grass are similar to willow and poplar (4) There are divergences between trial-based and commercial yields (5) Existing LUC patterns suggest meadow>RCG and RCG>cereal (6) RCG land area is very sensitive to policy incentives. Background and objectives: RCG is an alternative crop for biomass-to-energy due to high yield and frost tolerance. We assess the cultivation in Sweden by using an extensive compilation of data, with emphasis on the extension of the cultivation, areas planted, climatic profile, land use patterns and yield levels. Material and methods: All RCG plantations are analysed for 2001-2020. A geostatistical analysis is performed to characterize where is cultivated and the land uses associated. Climatic, productivity and yield profiles are compared to willow and poplar plantations, from experiments and from commercial plantations. Results: The results show that the cultivation of reed canary grass expanded after 2005, with a maximum of 800 ha in 2009 to then decrease to the current levels of about 550 ha. It is mainly grown in colder climatic areas, with lower agricultural productivity than willow and poplar. Mean yields from trials are 6 odt ha-1 yr-1; commercial yields are 3.5 odt ha-1 yr-1. RCG replace meadow land and is replaced by cereals, when abandoned. Conclusions: Reed canary grass is an interesting alternative, growing on colder areas but on similar yield levels than other energy crops. The cultivation is more sensitive to policy incentives

Breeding bird territory placement in riparian wet meadows in relation to invasive reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea

Wetlands ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Kirsch ◽  
Brian R. Gray ◽  
Timothy J. Fox ◽  
Wayne E. Thogmartin
Keyword(s):  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Wet Meadows ◽  
Canary Grass

IDENTIFICATION OF LOW ALKALOID GENOTYPES OF REED CANARY GRASS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
D. L. WOODS ◽  
K. W. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Highly Correlated

Fifty-two strains of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) were screened for the presence of tryptamines and carbolines and for concentrations of gramine. Most strains contained genotypes free of tryptamines and carbolines and showed wide interplant variation in gramine levels. Gramine data between years were highly correlated, indicating high broad sense heritability. It was concluded that there exists a diverse gene pool from which to select tryptamine–carboline-free, low-gramine strains of reed canary grass. An improved method for the determination of gramine concentration is described.

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