Detection and species discrimination using rDNA T-RFLP for identification of wood decay fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Råberg ◽  
Nils O.S. Högberg ◽  
Carl Johan Land
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

AbstractIn the present work PCR technology was used as a tool to detect the early stages of wood decay and was compared with microscopic evaluation. The wood decay fungiPostia placentaandConiophora puteanawere detectable in interior wood samples by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) after 2weeks of incubation with monocultures, while microscopic detection of hyphae was not possible until after 7 weeks. A potential problem when fungal communities are studied with T-RFLPs of rDNA is that intra-specific variation complicates data analysis. In this work, we show that intra-specific sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA inConiophora puteanaallows T-RFLP identification of this species. This is due to intra-specific variations in fragment length, in combination with the absence of point mutations in the selected restriction sites.

scholarly journals Significant Alteration of Gene Expression in Wood Decay Fungi Postia placenta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium by Plant Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 4499-4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Vanden Wymelenberg ◽  
Jill Gaskell ◽  
Michael Mozuch ◽  
Sandra Splinter BonDurant ◽  
Grzegorz Sabat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Hydrolytic Cleavage ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

ABSTRACTIdentification of specific genes and enzymes involved in conversion of lignocellulosics from an expanding number of potential feedstocks is of growing interest to bioenergy process development. The basidiomycetous wood decay fungiPhanerochaete chrysosporiumandPostia placentaare promising in this regard because they are able to utilize a wide range of simple and complex carbon compounds. However, systematic comparative studies with different woody substrates have not been reported. To address this issue, we examined gene expression of these fungi colonizing aspen (Populus grandidentata) and pine (Pinus strobus). Transcript levels of genes encoding extracellular glycoside hydrolases, thought to be important for hydrolytic cleavage of hemicelluloses and cellulose, showed little difference forP. placentacolonizing pine versus aspen as the sole carbon source. However, 164 genes exhibited significant differences in transcript accumulation for these substrates. Among these, 15 cytochrome P450s were upregulated in pine relative to aspen. Of 72P. placentaextracellular proteins identified unambiguously by mass spectrometry, 52 were detected while colonizing both substrates and 10 were identified in pine but not aspen cultures. Most of the 178P. chrysosporiumglycoside hydrolase genes showed similar transcript levels on both substrates, but 13 accumulated >2-fold higher levels on aspen than on pine. Of 118 confidently identified proteins, 31 were identified in both substrates and 57 were identified in pine but not aspen cultures. Thus,P. placentaandP. chrysosporiumgene expression patterns are influenced substantially by wood species. Such adaptations to the carbon source may also reflect fundamental differences in the mechanisms by which these fungi attack plant cell walls.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome and Secretome Analysis of Wood Decay Fungi Postia placenta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3599-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Vanden Wymelenberg ◽  
Jill Gaskell ◽  
Michael Mozuch ◽  
Grzegorz Sabat ◽  
John Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

ABSTRACT Cellulose degradation by brown rot fungi, such as Postia placenta, is poorly understood relative to the phylogenetically related white rot basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. To elucidate the number, structure, and regulation of genes involved in lignocellulosic cell wall attack, secretome and transcriptome analyses were performed on both wood decay fungi cultured for 5 days in media containing ball-milled aspen or glucose as the sole carbon source. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a total of 67 and 79 proteins were identified in the extracellular fluids of P. placenta and P. chrysosporium cultures, respectively. Viewed together with transcript profiles, P. chrysosporium employs an array of extracellular glycosyl hydrolases to simultaneously attack cellulose and hemicelluloses. In contrast, under these same conditions, P. placenta secretes an array of hemicellulases but few potential cellulases. The two species display distinct expression patterns for oxidoreductase-encoding genes. In P. placenta, these patterns are consistent with an extracellular Fenton system and include the upregulation of genes involved in iron acquisition, in the synthesis of low-molecular-weight quinones, and possibly in redox cycling reactions.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Patterns of Wood Decay Fungi Postia placenta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium Are Influenced by Wood Substrate Composition during Degradation

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (14) ◽  
pp. 4387-4400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Skyba ◽  
Dan Cullen ◽  
Carl J. Douglas ◽  
Shawn D. Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

ABSTRACTIdentification of the specific genes and enzymes involved in the fungal degradation of lignocellulosic biomass derived from feedstocks with various compositions is essential to the development of improved bioenergy processes. In order to elucidate the effect of substrate composition on gene expression in wood-rotting fungi, we employed microarrays based on the annotated genomes of the brown- and white-rot fungi,Rhodonia placenta(formerlyPostia placenta) andPhanerochaete chrysosporium, respectively. We monitored the expression of genes involved in the enzymatic deconstruction of the cell walls of three 4-year-oldPopulus trichocarpa(poplar) trees of genotypes with distinct cell wall chemistries, selected from a population of several hundred trees grown in a common garden. The woody substrates were incubated with wood decay fungi for 10, 20, and 30 days. An analysis of transcript abundance in all pairwise comparisons highlighted 64 and 84 differentially expressed genes (>2-fold,P< 0.05) inP. chrysosporiumandP. placenta, respectively. Cross-fungal comparisons also revealed an array of highly differentially expressed genes (>4-fold,P< 0.01) across different substrates and time points. These results clearly demonstrate that gene expression profiles ofP. chrysosporiumandP. placentaare influenced by wood substrate composition and the duration of incubation. Many of the significantly expressed genes encode “proteins of unknown function,” and determining their role in lignocellulose degradation presents opportunities and challenges for future research.IMPORTANCEThis study describes the variation in expression patterns of two wood-degrading fungi (brown- and white-rot fungi) during colonization and incubation on three different naturally occurring poplar substrates of differing chemical compositions, over time. The results clearly show that the two fungi respond differentially to their substrates and that several known and, more interestingly, currently unknown genes are highly misregulated in response to various substrate compositions. These findings highlight the need to characterize several unknown proteins for catalytic function but also as potential candidate proteins to improve the efficiency of enzymatic cocktails to degrade lignocellulosic substrates in industrial applications, such as in a biochemically based bioenergy platform.

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of soluble and total oxalate in Ca- and Mg-amended liquid cultures of three wood decay fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Schilling ◽  
Jody Jellison
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

AbstractTwo brown-rot wood decay fungi,Fomitopsis pinicolaandMeruliporia incrassata, and the white-rot speciesPhanerochaete chrysosporiumwere grown for 4 weeks in liquid culture at 0.35, 0.70, 1.05, and 5.00 mM calcium (Ca) and 1.35 and 2.70 mM magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Soluble and total oxalate levels were quantified using a revised ion-exchange HPLC protocol developed specifically for resolving oxalate and other organic acid anions from medium components. Total oxalate concentrations in brown-rot filtrate were not significantly different among treatments; however, soluble oxalate decreased significantly with increasing Ca concentration. Higher Mg concentrations increased soluble oxalate levels only slightly. There was a significant decrease in medium pH at 5.00 mM Ca for all species, as well as an apparent increase in decarboxylation activity in brown-rot fungi. Total and soluble oxalate levels in the white-rot cultures were generally below detection for all treatments. The results show a significant influence of Ca on soluble oxalate concentrations not seen previously in the brown-rot speciesPostia placenta.

Cupressus macrocarpa Heartwood Oil and its Bioactivity against some Wood Decay Fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jun Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yuan Zhang ◽  
Shu Jun Li ◽  
J.J. Karchesy
Keyword(s):  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Paper Disc

Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey cypress) heartwood has natural durability. The heartwood oil was prepared by steam distillation and its anti-fungal activity was tested against four wood decay fungi, i.e. Trametes versicolor, Irpex lacteus, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and Postia placenta with a filter paper disc method. The oil was active against all these fungi at the concentration of 8 mg.mL-1 or greater, but Postia placenta was the most difficult for the oil to inhibit. GC-MS was adopted to analyze the components of the heartwood oil. Two components, 4-terpineol and carvacrol were identified and carvacrol represented 94.428% of the oil. The oil had anti-fungal activity mostly because of carvacrol in the high content

scholarly journals Application of ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy to Compare the Cell Materials of Wood Decay Fungi with Wood Mould Fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barun Shankar Gupta ◽  
Bjørn Petter Jelle ◽  
Tao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Band Ratio ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Standing Trees

Wood fungi create vast damage among standing trees and all types of wood materials. The objectives of this study are to (a) characterize the cell materials of two major wood decay fungi (Basidiomycota), namely, Trametes versicolor and Postia placenta, and (b) compare the cell materials of decay fungi with four wood mould fungi (Ascomycota), namely, Aureobasidium pullulans, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Ulocladium atrum. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to characterize the microbial cellular materials. The results showed that the IR bands for the fatty acid at ∼2900 cm−1 were different for the two-decay-fungi genre. Postia placenta shows more absorbance peaks at the fatty acid region. Band ratio indices for amide I and amide II from protein amino acids were higher for the mould fungi (Ascomycota) than the decay fungi (Basidiomycota). Similarly, the band ratio index calculated for the protein end methyl group was found to be higher for the mould fungi than the decay fungi. Mould fungi along with the decay fungi demonstrated a positive correlation (R2=0.75) between amide I and amide II indices. The three-component multivariate, principal component analysis showed a strong correlation of amide and protein band indices.

Quality of eastern white pine 10 years after damage by logging

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Ten years after a logging operation, eight kinds of logging wounds (four made by skidders and four made by falling trees) persisted on residual eastern white pine, 55-80 years old at the time of logging. Forty percent of wounds had advanced decay and 90% had wood stains (some of which represented incipient decay) associated with them. Skidder scrapes that extended to the ground and broken tops were the most frequent entrance courts for wood-decay fungi. The largest average decay columns, 2.9% of gross merchantable volumes, were present in trunk scrapes resulting from trees that had fallen against residual trees. Haematostereum sanguinolentum and Coniophora puteana were the most frequent causes of wound decay.

The effects of subthreshold loadings of tebuconazole, DDAC, and boric acid on wood decay by Postia placenta

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Robinson ◽  
Peter E. Laks
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride

AbstractTebuconazole, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), and boric acid are co-biocides frequently added to copper-based wood preservative systems. Although the performance thresholds of these biocides are well known, there is currently little information on the effects of subthreshold loadings of the co-biocides on common wood decay fungi. We tested five strains ofPostia placentaon white pine cubes (Pinus strobus) treated with subthreshold retentions of tebuconazole, DDAC, or boric acid. No stimulatory effects were observed on blocks treated with DDAC or boric acid. Decay stimulation, as measured by weight loss, occurred between loadings of 1.0×10-5to 1.0×10-3 kg m-3on blocks treated with tebuconazole. This effect should be taken into account during the design and use of wood preservative systems containing this fungicide.

Growth inhibition of wood-decay fungi by lignin-related aromatic compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Cabral Almada ◽  
Mathilde Montibus ◽  
Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽  
Sandra Tapin-Lingua ◽  
Gilles Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

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