Enzyme profile in samples of bacterial cellulose film treated with Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana

Profile of enzymes in samples of bacterial cellulose film treated with Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana. The paper presents the results of research showing the profile of hydrolytic enzymes synthesized by fungi that cause decomposition of wood during growth on film samples made of bacterial cellulose. The performed analyzes allowed for the conclusion that the presence of cellulose in the culture medium stimulates the fungal cells to synthesize full groups of enzymes that are not produced on the agarmaltose medium. Among the synthesized enzymes, both species of fungi produced two enzymes: β - glucosidase and N-acetyl-β - glucuronidase with the highest observed activity.

Biodiversity of Fungi, Causing Wood Biodeterioration In Buildings In Poland Against The Background Of Research Conducted In Other European Countries.

The paper presents the results of surveys on the diversity of wood-destroying fungi in buildings and wooden engineering structures outdoors in Poland. The respondents reported a total of 48 species and genus of wood-degrading Basidiomycetes. The greatest species diversity of wood-degrading fungi was found on open-air engineering structures (33 species), the second location in terms of biodiversity was unused residential buildings (30 species), the lowest biodiversity was found in the used residential buildings (21 species).The most common fungi in the buildings were Serpula lacrymans (24.8%), Coniophora puteana (14.1%) and Fibroporia vaillantii (13.8%). The prevalence of S. lacrymans and C. puteana in buildings in Poland is similar to the European average. The occurrence of indoor polypores group (Amyloporia sinuosa, Fibroporia vaillantii, Neoantrodia serialis) in Poland is twice as high as the European average. Donkioporia expansa, which is numerous in buildings in Western Europe, is sporadically recorded in Poland (0.1%).

A study of natural durability of selected coniferous wood species from north Asia affected by the fungus Coniophora puteana (Schumach.) P. Karst.

The aim of prestened study was to determine the natural durability of selected coniferous wood species from Asia to the effect of Coniophora puteana (Schumach.) P. Karst., which causes brown rot. The species tested were: Larix gmellini (Rupr.) Kuzen., Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Pinus sibirica Du Tour.. The test was conducted on the basis of PN-EN 350:2016-10 and PN-EN 113:2000. As a result of the research durability classes were determined. Wood durability of tested Asian species was compared with the domestic wood species such as Pinus sylvestris L. and Larix decidua Mill.. The most durable of the tested wood species was Larix sibirica Ledeb., while the European larch showed comparable durability. The wood of Larix gmellini (Rupr.) Kuzen. showed the lowest persistence among the tested species.

Fungicidal properties of the medium from SCOBY microorganism cultivation in saturated wood against Coniophora puteana fungus

Effects were assessed for the post-culture liquid medium originating from the cultivation of microorganisms that are present in the ecosystem called symbiotic consortium bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). The effectiveness of protecting Scotch pine wood samples against decomposition caused by the fungus Coniophora puteana was evaluated. The obtained results confirmed that impregnation of wood with post-culture medium reduces the possibility of decomposition of this wood by the test fungus. The potential biocidal effect of the post-culture medium from SCOBY was attributed to the presence the substances of a potential fungicidal nature, which were synthesized in the culture medium during metabolic processes occurring in the culture. The obtained results encourage further studies on the potential use of metabolites obtained from SCOBY breeding to protect wood against biodegradation.

Characterization of the decay process of Scots pine caused by Coniophora puteana using NMR and MRI

Wood decay is an economically significant process, as it is one of the major causes of wood deterioration in buildings. In this study, the decay process of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) samples caused by cellar fungus (Coniophora puteana) was followed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Altogether, 30 wood sample pieces were exposed to fungus for 10 weeks. Based on the decrease of the dry mass, the samples were categorized into three classes: decomposed (mass decrease 50–70%), slightly decomposed (10–50%), and nondecomposed (<10%). MRI made it possible to identify the active regions of fungus inside the wood samples based on the signal of free water brought by the fungus and arisen from the decomposition of wood carbohydrates. MRI implies that free water is not only created by the decay process, but fungal hyphae also transports a significant amount of water into the sample. Two-dimensional 1H T1-T2 relaxation correlation NMR measurements provided detailed information about the changes in the microstructure of wood due to fungal decomposition. Overall, this study paves the way for noninvasive NMR and MRI detection of fungal decay at early stages as well as the related structural changes.

X-ray microdensitometry for assessing the resistance of hybrid larch to fungus Coniophora puteana

X-ray microdensitometry was performed on small wood samples after fungal exposure to assess wood density loss and its variability within a hybrid larch population. Microdensitometry was applied to thin wood slices obtained from increment cores collected from standing trees before and after 4 weeks of exposure to Coniophora puteana fungus. Density loss rates were measured and compared to mass loss percentages calculated on wood blocks following a 16-week decay test according to CEN TS 15083-1 (2005). The relationship between the standard mass loss and the density loss percentages was weak. Several explanations for the results are presented in this work, and methodological improvements are suggested to achieve a more accurate comparison. The proposed screening test has several advantages over the current standard method, as it is less invasive for the tree, less time consuming, and is therefore better suited for genetic studies and breeding. As predicted, due to extractive content variation and fungus behaviour, density loss after 4 w was more important in earlywood than in latewood and in inner heartwood than in outer heartwood. The new method also better determined the differences in decay among trees within the larch population than the standard method at 16 w.

Design and synthesis of new benzofuran-1,2,3-triazole hybrid preservatives and the evaluation of their antifungal potential against white and brown-rot fungi

A series of novel benzofuran-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were synthesized and investigated as fungicidal preservatives. The compounds were evaluated for their antifungal potential against white-rot (Trametes versicolor), dry brown-rot (Poria placenta), and wet brown-rot (Coniophora puteana and Gloeophyllum trabeum) fungi, at different concentrations (500 ppm and 1000 ppm). The tests of the final products (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, and 8g) demonstrated that compound N-((1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide (8f) at a concentration of 500 ppm was the most active against wet brown-rot C. puteana (23.86% inhibition) and G. trabeum (47.16% inhibition) fungi. However, testing demonstrated that compounds 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, and 8g at a concentration of 500 ppm did not exhibit acceptable antifungal effects against white-rot T. versicolor and dry brown-rot P. placenta fungi.