Effect of glutaraldehyde on water related properties of solid wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zefang Xiao ◽  
Yanjun Xie ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Tangential Direction ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers ◽  
Capillary Water Uptake

Abstract Scots pine sapwood was treated with various concentrations of glutaraldehyde (GA) and magnesium chloride as a catalyst in aqueous solutions. The weight percent gains (WPGs) attained after leaching were 1.0%, 8.6%, 13.7%, and 21.9%, respectively. The treatments reduced the equilibrium moisture content at 90% RH up to 30% compared with the untreated controls. Capillary water uptake of wood was also restrained by GA treatment (8.6% WPG) resulting in water reduction effectiveness of approximately 50% in both radial and tangential direction after 244 h. Wood blocks treated to the highest WPG (22%) attained 70% anti-swelling efficiency (ASE). High ASE values were caused by cell wall bulking through incorporation of GA in the cell wall and as a result of reduction of the maximum degree of swelling in water, i.e., through crosslinking of cell wall polymers. During 10 water submersion and drying cycles, untreated and GA treated specimens displayed equal weight losses indicating that mainly wood constituents were washed out. These cyclic water submersion tests also caused approximately 10% reduction in ASE in samples treated to higher WPG. Magnesium chloride as a catalyst for the reaction of GA imparts wood similar water related properties as sulphur dioxide catalysis of GA treatment, but the application of MgCl2 is much easier to perform in practice.

Modification of Pinus sylvestris L. wood with quat- and amino-silicones of different chain lengths

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyamal C. Ghosh ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Amino Silicone ◽  
Chain Lengths

Abstract The water-related properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood have been improved by treatment with quat- and amino-silicones of different chain lengths. Standard leaching test and hot water Soxhlet extraction (6 h) showed that the amino-silicones are better fixed in wood than the quat-silicones. A water dipping test (24 h) revealed that both quat- and amino-silicones made wood hydrophobic; however, amino-silicones were more effective in reducing water uptake. The long-chained silicones of both types resulted in higher water repellent effectiveness compared with the respective short-chained silicones. As demonstrated by assessing cell wall bulking, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and SEM energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, silicones with short chains penetrated the cell wall better than those with long chains regardless of the silicone type. The maximum antishrink efficiency of approximately 60% was attained with short-chained amino-silicone at approximately 39% weight percent gain. The short-chained silicones show more potential to enhance the water-related properties of solid wood and for the development of silicone-based industrial wood modification processes.

scholarly journals Effect of Exogenously Applied 24-Epibrassinolide and Brassinazole on Xylogenesis and Microdistribution of Cell Wall Polymers in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) De Wit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pramod ◽  
M. Anju ◽  
H. Rajesh ◽  
A. Thulaseedharan ◽  
Karumanchi S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Xylem Differentiation ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

AbstractPlant growth regulators play a key role in cell wall structure and chemistry of woody plants. Understanding of these regulatory signals is important in advanced research on wood quality improvement in trees. The present study is aimed to investigate the influence of exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and brassinosteroid inhibitor, brassinazole (BRZ) on wood formation and spatial distribution of cell wall polymers in the xylem tissue of Leucaena leucocephala using light and immuno electron microscopy methods. Brassinazole caused a decrease in cambial activity, xylem differentiation, length and width of fibres, vessel element width and radial extent of xylem suggesting brassinosteroid inhibition has a concomitant impact on cell elongation, expansion and secondary wall deposition. Histochemical studies of 24-epibrassinolide treated plants showed an increase in syringyl lignin content in the xylem cell walls. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the inhomogenous pattern of lignin distribution in the cell corners and middle lamellae region of BRZ treated plants. Immunolocalization studies using LM10 and LM 11 antibodies have shown a drastic change in the micro-distribution pattern of less substituted and highly substituted xylans in the xylem fibres of plants treated with EBR and BRZ. In conclusion, present study demonstrates an important role of brassinosteroid in plant development through regulating xylogenesis and cell wall chemistry in higher plants.

Bacterial cell wall polymers promote intestinal fibrosis through stimulation of myofibroblast activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A.F. van Tol ◽  
F.-M. Kong ◽  
R.R. Rippe ◽  
J. Simmons ◽  
P.K. Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Bacterial Cell Wall ◽  
Intestinal Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Bacterial cell wall polymers (peptidoglycan-polysaccharide) cause reactivation of arthritis.

1993 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 4645-4653 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Lichtman ◽  
S Bachmann ◽  
S R Munoz ◽  
J H Schwab ◽  
D E Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Bacterial Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

Viscoelastic properties of woody hemp core

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahime Bag ◽  
Johnny Beaugrand ◽  
Patrice Dole ◽  
Bernard Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dielectric Analysis ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of removing extractives from the woody core of hemp (chènevotte) on the chain mobility of hemicelluloses and lignins, which can react during technological transformation such as de-fibering and/or composite materials production. Extractives are molecules with low molecular weight, which are present in the cell wall matrix and can be readily removed by solvents. In the present paper, the nature and amounts of extractives, removed under different conditions and with solvents of different polarities, were determined. The mobility and structural relaxations of lignins and hemicelluloses were stu-died in situ by dynamic mechanical analysis and dielectric analysis under controlled moisture content. Extractions at low temperature led to rigidification of lignins and plasticizing of hemicelluloses, probably due to local changes by the selective removal of molecules interacting with the polymers. Probably, the accessibility of hemicelluloses to plasticizing water was increased at controlled humidity. In contrast, hot extractions including water induced rigidification of the hemi-celluloses and plasticizing of lignins. This could be related to a combination of molecule extractions and chemical modi-fications of both polymers. This interpretation is supported by the variation of activation energy for relaxation of hemi-celluloses. It can be concluded that each type of extraction has a clear specific effect on the relaxation properties of the amorphous cell wall polymers.

Concomitant synthesis and attachment of cell wall polymers by a membrane preparation from Micrococcus varians ATCC 29750

1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A.I. McArthur ◽  
F.M. Roberts ◽  
I.C. Hancock ◽  
J. Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Membrane Preparation ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers
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