Further Training and Company-Level Pacts for Employment in Germany

2012 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Bellmann ◽  
Hans-Dieter Gerner
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
Iab Establishment Panel

SummaryThis paper aims at investigating whether or not and to what extent company-level pacts for employment and competitiveness (CLPs) have an impact on the accumulation of human capital. The effect of CLPs on further training is analyzed utilizing the IAB Establishment Panel data of the years 2003 to 2007. CLPs are agreements between firms’ management and their respective workforce that are characterized by reduced wages or prolonged working hours in exchange for employment guarantees or investment programs, such as further training. CLPs not only explicitly contain clauses concerning further training, but also increase employment stability and may increase the firms’ incentives for human capital investments, due to the employees’ wage concessions. In order to test this hypothesis we apply parametric as well as semiparametric cross-section time-series regression models. However, our findings suggest that CLPs do not exert positive causal effects on human capital formation as measured by further training incidence and intensity variables.

scholarly journals Migration and Forsaken Schooling in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhom Abdulloev ◽  
Gil S. Epstein ◽  
Ira N. Gang
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

AbstractLarge international earnings differentials negatively impact human capital investments in migrant-origin countries. We find that three Central Asian migrant-sending countries—the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan—are facing a forsaken schooling phenomenon. Once completing their compulsory schooling, young people in these countries are forsaking additional schooling because of opportunities to migrate to high-paying low-skilled jobs in the Russian Federation. The countries face a loss in human capital formation.

scholarly journals The Returns to Medical School: Evidence from Admission Lotteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Ketel ◽  
Edwin Leuven ◽  
Hessel Oosterbeek ◽  
Bas van der Klaauw
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
Using Data

We exploit admission lotteries to estimate the returns to medical school in the Netherlands. Using data from up to 22 years after the lottery, we find that in every single year after graduation doctors earn at least 20 percent more than people who end up in their next-best occupation. Twenty-two years after the lottery the earnings difference is almost 50 percent. Only a small fraction of this difference can be attributed to differences in working hours and human capital investments. The returns do not vary with gender or ability, and shift the entire earnings distribution. (JEL D44, I11, I26, J24, J31, J44)

The German Minimum Wage: Effects on Productivity, Profitability, and Investments

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 321-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Bossler ◽  
Nicole Gürtzgen ◽  
Benjamin Lochner ◽  
Ute Betzl ◽  
Lisa Feist
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Iab Establishment Panel

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the effects of the introduction of the German minimum wage using difference-in-differences estimations applied to the IAB Establishment Panel. The treatment effects on the treated establishments show a significant increase in personnel costs. When we analyze the effects of the minimum wage on the net sales of intermediates, we observe a reduction, which is fully explained by the increase in wage costs induced by the minimum wage. The results do not point to effects on establishment-level productivity or capital investments. Looking at investments in human capital, we do not observe any effects on apprenticeship offers or the placement of apprentices. If anything, the results point at a slight reduction in the provision of further training.

Human Capital in the Economic System of Modern Society: the Mechanism of Formation, Investment and Development Prospects in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
S. Zhukov ◽  
V. Zelic ◽  
S. Soima
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Development Prospects

As a result of the conducted research the problems of development of human capital and basic pre-conditions of providing of his competitiveness are certain. Analyzed the loud speaker of charges on development of education and health protection of summary budget of Ukraine and measures on the improvement of economic situation in Ukraine and providing of development of human capital are offered. The basic types of investments are certain in a human capital on levels and subjects of investing. The mechanism of forming of human capital is presented. The mechanism of forming of human capital is presented. It is grounded, that for strategic development of human capital of Ukraine and achievement of equilibrium and balanced of economy in the conditions of globalization modernization of public policy is needed in area of education, namely, creation of the system of education, oriented to forming and development of skills and jurisdictions of man, necessary for innovative activity. Keywords human capital, investments in a human capital, competitiveness, economic state of affairs, payment for work.

scholarly journals Occupational Choice and Investments in Human Capital in Informal Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucila Berniell
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
Cross Country

AbstractInformality is pervasive in many developing countries and it can affect occupational and educational decisions. Cross-country data shows that the rate of entrepreneurship as well as the gap between the skill premium for entrepreneurs and for workers increase with the size of the informal economy. Also, in countries with larger informal sectors the fraction of high-skilled individuals that choose to be entrepreneurs is larger. To explain these facts, I develop a model economy with human capital investments, occupational choice and an informal sector, in which the investment in human capital improves the efficiency of labor as well as managerial skills, and the technology to produce goods exhibits capital-skill complementarity. Model predictions can account for cross-country evidence and also shed light on the mechanisms at work when the level of informality in the economy increases. In particular, a higher level of informality discourages human capital investments for workers while it incentivizes these investments for the case of some managers, mostly informal but talented.

Migrant Farmworker Earnings: A Human Capital Approach

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Shelley I. White-Means
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Health Capital ◽  
Migrant Farmworker ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Human Capital Investments

Migrant farmworkers are essential to the supply of low-cost agricultural produce. However, employment earnings of this vital labor force are approximately equal to the federal poverty income. This study examines the role of health capital investments in enhancing farmworker productivity and employment earnings. Health capital investments are found to have a larger marginal effect on earnings than other forms of human capital investments, such as education or experience.

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