The transformation of the judicial system in Kyrgyzstan an after 1991. Aspects of the development of administrative justice

This article examines the transformation of the judiciary in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan after 1991, as well as aspects of the development of administrative justice in this state. The article presents the main stages of the development of the judicial system of the Kyrgyz Republic: 1993-2002, 2003-2009, 2010-2020. The device of the judicial system of the republic is described, the system of courts of general jurisdiction, inter-district economic courts, the judicial bids of the Supreme Court of Kyrgyzstan, as well as the courts of the second instance, and in addition to the elimination of the system of arbitration courts in the Republic and Military Courts (2003), disbanding the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan (2010), the creation of the Constitutional Chamber in the Supreme Court of the Republic. The article provides aspects of the development of administrative justice.

The institution of suspicion and the initial stage of the criminal process: interrelated prospects of development

The article considers the question of the interdependence of the improvement of the institution of suspicion and the transformation of the initial stage of the Russian criminal process. The article highlights the problem of the legislative limitation of the period of the procedural status of a person as a suspect in the event of a criminal case being initiated not against him, but upon the commission of a crime and insufficient evidence of the involvement/non-involvement of such a person in a criminal offence committed at the initial stage of the investigation, which often does not allow avoiding unreasonable restrictions on the constitutional rights and freedoms of this participant in criminal proceedings. The relevant experience of some post-Soviet states that followed the path of a radical change in the criminal procedure model after the collapse of the USSR is analysed. The article compares the provisions of the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic directly related to the institution of suspicion, including the moment of triggering criminal prosecution and the duration of a suspect’s keeping the specified procedural status. The arguments given in the article substantiate the need to reform the initial moment of the emergence of the procedural status of a suspect in Russian criminal proceedings and the associated expediency of abolishing the stage of initiation of a criminal case in order to increase the guarantee of the rights and legitimate interests of the person introduced into the procedural status we are analysing.

The Legal Conflictology and Its Development

The article considers legal conflictology as a relatively new scientific direction. The formation and development of legal conflictology in the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic are studied in the article. It was revealed that despite the extensive development of legal conflictology in the Russian Federation, in the Kyrgyz Republic so far this direction remains unexplored and is just beginning to take shape. The article substantiates the relevance of this direction with objective reasons and establishes the need to apply an interdisciplinary approach in the study of legal conflictology, where the theoretical and legal approach will be combined with sociological, philosophical and even psychological approaches. It is determined that research in the field of legal conflictology will allow to present an applied and theoretical interpretation of a wide range of issues on legal theory, therefore, such research on this topic should belong to one of its main directions. The term or legal category “legal conflict” is a reflection of a wide range of features of the essential process of interaction between the subjects of legal relations in crisis situations for them. The legal category of legal conflicts covers not only the legal conflicts themselves, but also mixed conflicts that begin at the beginning independently and outside of legal norms or relations, but subsequently acquire a legal character.

Problems of adherence to treatment with oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation in the Kyrgyz Republic

Objectives assessment of adherence to treatment in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were prescribed anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonist, warfarin, and a new oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban. Material and methods. During the study, 322 patients with atrial fibrillation of nonvalvular etiology were observed. Depending on the type of anticoagulant taken, the patients were divided into 2 groups: the first group included 253 (78.6%) people who took warfarin, the second group 69 (21.4%) people, who were prescribed a new oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban. Results. By the end of the one-year follow-up from the start of anticoagulant treatment, only 8.7% of patients in the first group followed the doctor's prescription; the second group had 59.4% of adherent patients. The vast majority of patients refused warfarin therapy due to the inability to control INR. In the case of the appointment of rivaroxaban, the reason for the refusal to take was the high cost of the drugs. Conclusion. Effective prevention of thromboembolic complications in atrial fibrillation requires the development of appropriate measures to improve adherence to treatment.

Analysis Disability Indicators Due to Malignant Neoplasms in Kyrgyzstan

In the structure of the first recognized by persons with disabilities, persons with disabilities take a leading position due to malignancies. In the implementation of measures for the prevention and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, it is necessary to carry out a disability analysis with a view to taking measures to reduce it. In the Kyrgyz Republic as a whole, there is a downward trend in dynamics by year, with the exception of 2015 and 2018. The most dysfunctional situation has developed in the Issyk-Kul region, where the largest frequency of primary recognized persons with disabilities is annually noted, and in 2018 and 2020 in the Talas region. In the Issyk-Kul region, despite highly intensive indicators, in comparison with other regions, the dynamics showed a decrease in the frequency of primary recognized persons with disabilities in 2015 by −11.7%, in 2016 by −3.3%, in 2019 by −9.6%, in 2020 by −17.8% with zero growth in 2014 and 2017. The increase was only in 2018 by +6.8%. In the frequency of persons with disabilities due to neoplasms under medical supervision in health organizations, a multi-directional trend was revealed, which is characterized by an increase in all years, with the exception of 2017 and 2020. The highest level of persons with disabilities in all years by region of the republic was observed in the Issyk-Kul region. By year, there was an upward trend in the level of the indicator, with the exception of 2020. The analysis made it possible to identify regions with an unfavorable situation. These include Issyk-Kul, Talas, Osh, Chui, Naryn regions. The precarious situation dictates the need for effective prevention of primary disability due to socially significant pathology leading to disability.

The Phenomenon of “Multiple Identity” in Modern Kyrgyz Society

The article considers political processes in the Kyrgyz Republic through the prism of complexly structured identity and historical memory of the Kyrgyz people. Manifestations of retraditionalization of the Kyrgyz social organization are considered as an inevitable consequence of disengagement from the Union center’s control. The author emphasizes multilayered and segmented character of the Kyrgyz political culture that integrates traditionalism and modernization. The formation of multiple identity is characterized as a consequence of objective processes of reformatting the social environment as a result of technological innovations, intensification of intercultural and intercivilizational contacts, increasing mobility of the population. The article shows the fundamental role of the folk epic Manas in formation of national identity with the dominant tendency to strengthen the position of Islam in the multi-layered and syncretic religious practice of the Kyrgyz. The influence of tribal and clan self-identification on the political processes in the country is considered. There are factors that led to differences in the self-identification of urban and rural strata, as well as the Kyrgyz "North" and "South" of the country. The processes of ethno-cultural sovereignization of the titular ethnos, as well as other national groups of Kyrgyzstan are considered. The evolution of the state policy regarding the formation of a common civil identity in Kyrgyzstan, which provided for the implementation of the local version of multiculturalism, involving the protection of the ethno-cultural identity of national minorities, is shown.

ON THE ISSUE OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DOLICHOSIGMA

До настоящего времени результаты лечения больных долихосигмой с длительными запорами остаются неудовлетворительными. Так при консервативном лечении долихосигмы неудовлетворительные результаты наблюдаются у 20-30% больных, а прихирургическом лечении доходит до 35-45%. Целью настоящего исследования является изучение результатов хиркргического лечения долихосигмы с длительностью запоров 7 и более дней. Материалом данного исследования являются результаты обследования и хирургического лечения 98 больных долихосигмой с длительными запорами, находившихся в отделении проктологии Национального Госпиталя при Министерстве здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики с 2001 года по 2020 год. Для уточнения диагноза кроме общеклинических методов исследования применены: пальцевое исследование прямой кишки, ректороманоскопия, сфинктерометрия, колоноскапия, ирригоскапия, пассаж бариевой взвеси по толстой кишке. Результаты хирургического лечения больных долихосигмой с длительными запорами в зависимости от вида оперативного вмешательства изучены в сравнительном аспекте. Из 98 больных 50 (51%) пациентам произведена резекция сигмовидной кишки, а 48 (49%) пациентам левосторонняя гемиколэктомия. Изучены отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения долихосигмы с длительными запорами у 79 больных. Так из 79 больных у 38 (48%) пациентов ранее была произведена левосторонняя гемиколэктомия, а у 41 (52%) - резекция сигмовидной кишки. У всех 38 больных перенесших левосторонную гемоколэктомию результаты хирургического лечения были хорошими. У этих пациентов отмечалось самостоятельный стул 1 раз в два дня, исчезли боли в левой половине живота и метиоризм. Из 41 пациента, перенесших резекцию сигмовидной кишки, у 29 (70,7%) больных результаты хирургического лечения оценены кака удовлетворительные. У этих больных улучшилось общее состояние, периодически наблюдался самостоятельный стул. А у 12(29,3%) больных, так же перенесших резекцию сигмовидной кишки, в последующем вновь отмечалось отсутствие самостоятельного стула, возникли боли в левой половине живота и метиоризм. У этих 12 больных результаты хирургического расценены как неудовлетворительные. Таким образом, сравнительный анализ результатов хирургического лечения долихосигмы с длительностью запора 7 и более дней показал преимущества левосторонней гемоколэктомии при этой патологии. Until now, the results of treatment of patients with dolichosigma with prolonged constipation remain unsatisfactory. So with the conservative treatment of dolichosigma, unsatisfactory results are observed in 20-30% of patients, and with surgical treatment it reaches 35-45%. The aim of this research is to study the results of surgical treatment of dolichosigma with constipation duration of 7 or more days. The material of this research is the results of examination and surgical treatment of 98 patients with dolichosigma with prolonged constipation, who were in the proctology department of the National Hospital under the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic since 2001 till 2020. To clarify the diagnosis, in addition to general clinical research methods applied: digital examination of the rectum, sigmoidoscopy, sphincterometry, colonoscopy, irrigoscapia, passage of barium suspension through the colon. The results of surgical treatment of patients with dolichosigma with prolonged constipation, depending on the type of surgical intervention, were studied in a comparative aspect. From 98 patients, 50 (51%) patients underwent resection of the sigmoid colon, and 48 (49%) patients underwent left-sided hemicolectomy. The long-term results of surgical treatment of dolichosigma with prolonged constipation were studied in 79 patients. Thus, out of 79 patients, 38 (48%) patients had previously undergone left-sided hemicolectomy, and of 41 (52%) had sigmoid colon resection. In all 38 patients who underwent left-sided hemocolectomy, the results of surgical treatment were good. These patients had independent bowel movements once every two days, pain in the left abdomen and methiorism disappeared. From 41 patients who underwent resection of the sigmoid colon, in 29 (70.7%) patients, the results of surgical treatment were assessed as satisfactory. These patients have improved their general condition, periodically there was an independent bowel movements. And in 12 (29.3%) patients who also underwent resection of the sigmoid colon, subsequently, there was again a lack of independent bowel movements, and pain in the left side of abdomen and methiorism. In these 12 patients, the results of the surgical procedure were assessed as unsatisfactory. Therefore, a comparative analysis of surgical treatment results of dolichosigma with constipation duration of 7 or more days showed the advantages of left-sided hemocolectomy in this pathology.