Multi-Objective Optimization of HAZ Characteristics for Submerged Arc Welding of Micro-Alloyed High Strength Pipeline Steel using GRA-PCA Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sachin Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Submerged Arc

AbstractIn any type of welding, its heat affected zone (HAZ) is the most critical section where the probability of hydrogen or solidification cracking is prominent. Continuous efforts are being applied by researchers and welders to minimize HAZ and its alterations. For the same purpose, by varying the factors of submerged arc welding (SAW) process which directly influences the heat input and cooling rate of the weld, experiments are carried out on the plates of micro-alloyed high strength pipeline steel. Voltage, welding speed, contact tube to work distance, wire feed rate and preheating temperature are taken as process variables. The experiments are designed according to the central composite rotatable design approach of response surface methodology (RSM). Multi-objective optimization of HAZ characteristics (HAZ area and its hardness) is carried out using grey relational analysis (GRA). To un-correlate the correlated characteristics of HAZ, principal component analysis (PCA) approach is coupled with GRA. The results of the confirmatory test have shown an improvement of 28.51 % and 5.94 % in area and hardness value of HAZ respectively at optimal setting combination of SAW process parameters.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Bead Geometry for Submerged Arc Welding of Pipeline Steel Using RSM-Fuzzy Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sachin Maheshwari ◽  
Sandeep Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Bead Width ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Submerged Arc

AbstractIn this paper, for the purpose of better control as well as multi-objective optimization of bead geometry parameters, the optimal combination of submerged arc welding (SAW) process variables is determined using fuzzy logic approach. Open circuit voltage, trolley speed, contact tube to work distance, preheating temperature and wire feed rate are taken as process variables during SAW of the pipeline steel. For this experimental investigation, experiments are designed and performed according to response surface methodology (RSM). Bead width, penetration, and reinforcement are taken as the performance measures in bead geometry. In fuzzy logic, two membership function (MF) namely triangular and trapezoidal are employed for the performance comparison of SAW process. As compared to triangular MF, the use of trapezoidal MF has given the more logical and better-optimized results for bead geometry parameters. Outcomes of the study are also confirmed by conducting the confirmatory experiments.

Multi-objective optimization of residual stresses and distortion in submerged arc welding process using Genetic Algorithm and Harmony Search

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-871
Author(s):  
Navid Ansaripour ◽  
Ali Heidari ◽  
Seyed Ali Eftekhari
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Arc Welding Process ◽  
Submerged Arc

Residual stresses and distortion in welded joints undermine the durability of the structure and prevent a correct assembly of the parts. The principal objective of this study is to find a solution to minimize the residual stresses and distortion induced by submerged arc welding process. Accordingly, first, a thermal simulation of the process was undertaken by the finite-element method, and the results were used to provide a mechanical solution. The mechanical solution determined residual stresses and distortion that were found to be consistent with experimental results. Next, drawing on the design of experiment method based on cooling time between first pass and second pass and the first and second pass welding speed, a set of training data was formed for the developed artificial neural network. The trained neural network was then used as input for the optimization algorithm. Single- and multi-objective Genetic Algorithm and single and multi-objective Harmony Search methods were used for optimization process. Results illustrate that artificial neural network and multi-objective optimization algorithms are excellent methods for optimizing the residual stresses and distortion caused by welding process. As it was proved in this study, the single-objective optimization of the welding process is effective in reducing both the residual stress and distortion. The double-objective optimization also contributed to reduce both residual stress and distortion with 4% (for residual stresses) and 26.56% (for distortion) in multi-objective Harmony Search which was the better algorithm based on the solution time. Given the contradiction of the residual stresses and distortion in the welding process, the double-objective algorithm was found to be less successful in minimizing the two target functions relative to the case with the two optimized separately.

Optimization of Process Parameters for Submerged Arc Welding by Weighted Principal Component Analysis Based Taguchi Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydeep Roy ◽  
Bishop D. Barma ◽  
J. Deb Barma ◽  
S.C. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Weighted Principal Component ◽  
Submerged Arc

In submerged arc welding (SAW), weld quality is greatly affected by the weld parameters such as welding current, traverse speed, arc voltage and stickout since they are closely related to weld joint. The joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld bead geometry and mechanical properties. There are several control parameters which directly or indirectly affect the response parameters. In the present study, an attempt has been made to search an optimal parametric combination, capable of producing desired high quality joint in submerged arc weldment by Taguchi method coupled with weighted principal component analysis. In the present investigation three process variables viz. Wire feed rate (Wf), stick out (So) and traverse speed (Tr) have been considered and the response parameters are hardness, tensile strength (Ts), toughness (IS).

Mechanical Behaviour of Welded Joints Achieved by Multi-Wire Submerged Arc Welding

2017 ◽  
Vol 1143 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Elena Scutelnicu ◽  
Carmen Catalina Rusu ◽  
Bogdan Georgescu ◽  
Octavian Mircea ◽  
Melat Bormambet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Wire Saw ◽  
Api 5L X70 Steel ◽  
Submerged Arc

The paper addresses the development of advanced welding technologies with two and three solid wires for joining of HSLA API-5l X70 (High-strength low-alloy) steel plates with thickness of 19.1 mm. The experiments were performed using a multi-wire Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) system that was developed for welding of steels with solid, tubular and cold wires, in different combinations. The main goal of the research was to assess the mechanical performances of the welded joints achieved by multi-wire SAW technology and then to compare them with the single wire variant, as reference system. The welded samples were firstly subjected to NDT control by examinations with liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic and gamma radiation, with the aim of detecting the specimens with flaws and afterwards to reconsider and redesign the corresponding Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS). The defect-free welded samples were subjected to tensile, Charpy V-notch impact and bending testing in order to analyse and report the mechanical behaviour of API-5l X70 steel during multi-wire SAW process. The experimental results were processed and comparatively discussed. The challenge of the investigation was to find the appropriate welding technology which responds simultaneously to the criteria of quality and productivity. Further research on metallurgical behaviour of the base material will be developed, in order to conclude the complete image of the SAW process effects and to understand how the multi-wire technologies affect the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the API-5L X70 steel used in pipelines fabrication.

The Benefits of a Modified-Chemistry, High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
John C. West
Keyword(s):  
Heat Input ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Submerged Arc

Steels with 50 ksi and up yield points usually acquire their strength from some form of heat treatment. Most of these steels, 11/2 in. thick and up, must be welded using sustained preheat and controlled interpass temperatures, plus controlled welding heat input of approximately 50 to 60 kJ/in. These two items can add as much as 50 percent to the cost of submerged-arc welding, and increases of up to 30 percent are common for manual welding when compared with lower-strength steels previously used. To reduce costs, a quenched and precipitation-hardened steel, ASTM A710 Grade A Class 3, with a high degree of weldability, was tested. This steel, which can be welded without sustained preheat and almost unlimited heat input, has been extensively tested in thicknesses from 21/4 through 6 in. Although this steel costs more than the usual quenched-and-tempered plates at these strength levels, reductions of 40 to 75 percent in welding labor costs are probable. In addition, sizeable material savings should be realized when these items are used in place of HY-80 and HY-100.

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