scholarly journals Effect of sublethal doses of abamectin on demographic traits of tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-267
Author(s):  
Idin Zibaee ◽  
Mojtaba Esmaeily
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Tomato Leafminer ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta is a serious pest of tomato crops worldwide. In this study the effect of sublethal concentrations of abamectin (at 10 and 30% lethal concentrations, LC10 and LC30) was investigated on developmental and reproduction parameters of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta. Lethal concentrations were estimated by leaf dip bioassay on the fourth instar larvae of the T. absoluta that, LC50, LC30 and LC10 were 0.23, 0.15 and 0.12 mg · l−1, respectively. The sublethal concentrations led to significant decreases in adult emergence, the percentage of pupation of the parent generation, fecundity and adult longevity compared to the control. Sublethal concentrations significantly decreased the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and gross reproduction rate (GRR). There was a significant decrease in the time to egg developmental and doubling time (DT) of T. absoluta. However, sublethal concentrations of abamectin had no significant effects on the percentage of pupation, larva, prepupa and pupa developmental periods, hatchability and sex ratio of offspring. The results of this study indicated that sublethal concentrations of abamectin could influence some biological parameters of T. absoluta. The results could also be helpful for making better management decisions for controlling the tomato leafminer.

scholarly journals Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0243334
Author(s):  
Zahra Nozad-Bonab ◽  
Mir Jalil Hejazi ◽  
Shahzad Iranipour ◽  
Mehdi Arzanlou ◽  
Antonio Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The tomato leaf miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is an invasive tomato pest found worldwide. Sustainable control strategies aimed at increasing biological control approaches and decreasing chemical inputs are required, due to the tendency to develop insecticide resistance. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of four chemical insecticides (abamectin, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad) and the sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) on a widespread TLM egg parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, were estimated. Concentration mortality response bioassays enabled the estimation of lethal concentrations of the tested insecticides for the parasitoids, with chlorantraniliprole having the lowest LC50 and indoxacarb the highest. The LC25 and LC50 of the tested insecticides on the TLM were sprayed on eggs and then offered at three time intervals to the parasitoids. The fertility and other life table parameters of the individuals emerging from the treated eggs were estimated. All of the chemical insecticides, but not the fungus, had harmful effects on T. brassicae. The insecticide applications caused a 3.84–5.17 times reduction in the net reproductive rate (R0) compared with the control. No parameters were affected by spraying the fungus in the 0h treatment, but effects were recorded at 24 and/or 48h, except for the gross reproduction rate (GRR). The value of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) also decreased to 0.528–0.617 after the insecticide treatments. The doubling time (DT) increased in all treatments compared to the control. Nevertheless, the generation time (T) was only very slightly affected. In addition, in the combination experiments, M. anisopliae showed a remarkable synergism with T. brassicae in controlling TLM eggs. These results indicate that low levels of lethal effects on key biological control agents should be considered in the choice of insecticides to be included in sustainable TLM control packages.

Comparative performance and digestive physiology of Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Trichosanthes anguina (Cucurbitaceae) cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Debnath ◽  
Syed Husne Mobarak ◽  
Paroma Mitra ◽  
Anandamay Barik
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Diaphania Indica ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Proteolytic Activities

AbstractDiaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important phytophagous pest of Trichosanthes anguina L. in India. We studied life table parameters by age-stage, two-sex, amylolytic and proteolytic activities, and food utilization parameters of D. indica on the leaves of three T. anguina cultivars (Baruipur Long, Polo No. 1 and MNSR-1). Further, nutrients (total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, amino acids and nitrogen) and antinutrients (total phenols, flavonols and tannins) in leaves were determined. The development time (egg to adult emergence) was the shortest on MNSR-1 (19.79 d) and the longest on Polo No. 1 (25.72 d). Fecundity was the highest and lowest on MNSR-1 (259 eggs) and Polo No. 1 (151.22 eggs), respectively. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (R0) of D. indica on Polo No. 1 were 0.1112 d−1 and 27.22 offspring individual−1, respectively. The mean generation time (T) was the shortest on MNSR-1 (23.99 days) and the longest on Polo No. 1 (29.70 d). The larvae of D. indica fed with MNSR-1 had the highest level of amylolytic and proteolytic activities, and the lowest activities were in the larvae fed with Polo No. 1. The fifth-instar larvae fed with Polo No. 1 had the lowest consumption index and growth rate. The higher larval development time and lower fecundity of D. indica on Polo No. 1 were due to the lower level of nutrients and a higher level of antinutrients than other cultivars. Our results concluded that Polo No. 1 cultivar could be suggested for cultivation.

scholarly journals Resistance and tolerance of ten carrot cultivars to the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt., in Poland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247978
Author(s):  
Maria Pobożniak ◽  
Małgorzata Gaborska ◽  
Tomasz Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Damage caused to cultivated carrots by the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the factors limiting carrot production in Poland. Planting resistant and tolerant cultivars could reduce yield losses due to the damage caused by this pest. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance and/or tolerance of 10 carrot genotypes to hawthorn-carrot aphid. Their field resistance was determined under field conditions based on five indicators, namely, mean number of alates (migrants) per plant and mean percentage of plants colonized by them, mean seasonal number of aphids per plant, mean number of aphids per plant and mean percentage of infested plants at peak abundance. Antibiosis experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions and pre-reproductive, reproductive time, fertility, and demographic parameters, represented by the net reproduction rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and mean generation time (T), were calculated. Five cultivars, Afro F1, Nipomo F1, Samba F1, White Satin F1, and Yellowstone showed field resistance. Antibiosis experiments revealed significant differences among the carrot cultivars in the length of the reproductive period, female fecundity in the time equal to the pre-reproduction time, and total progeny of hawthorn-carrot aphid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) for apterous aphids varied significantly, ranging between 0.181 (Nipomo F1) and 0.343 females/female/day (White Satin F1). Additionally, the estimated net reproductive rate (R0) was the lowest on Nipomo F1, and this genotype was determined to be resistant. Our results suggest that a very high density of trichomes on the leaf petioles (71.94 trichomes/cm2) could adversely affect the feeding, bionomy, and demographic parameters of hawthorn-carrot aphid on the cultivar Nipomo F1. In addition, Napa F1 and Kongo F1 demonstrated high tolerance. Considering all the results collectively, four genotypes, Afro F1, Kongo F1, Napa F1 and Nipomo F1, were relatively resistant/tolerant to the hawthorn-carrot aphid.

Active and frozen host mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae) influence the mass production of the predatory mite Blattisocius mali (Acari: Blattisociidae): life table analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Pirayeshfar ◽  
Seyed Ali Safavi ◽  
Hamid Reza Sarraf-moayeri ◽  
Gerben J Messelink
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Blattisocius mali (Oudemans) is a candidate predatory mite on some astigmatid mite pests like Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank). In current study, life table parameters of B. mali were comparatively evaluated when fed on mixed life stages, frozen (one day at -20°C) and cold stored (90 days at -20°C and 4°C) eggs of T. putrescentiae. The highest and lowest values of fecundity, total longevity, oviposition period, life span and adult longevity of B. mali were observed when the predator provided with one-day and 90-days frozen eggs (stored at 4°C) of T. putrescentiae, respectively. Moreover, the highest values of net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) of B. mali were obtained by feeding on one-day frozen eggs (23.94 offspring/individual, 0.332 day-1, 1.39 day-1, respectively), without significant differences from the predators reared on alive mixed stages of T. putrescentiae. However, the lowest values of R0 (1.54 offspring/individual), r (0.058 day-1) and λ (1.06 day-1) were recorded when B. mali was reared on 90-days frozen eggs (stored at 4°C). The results, as first evidence of life-history of B. mali, represent not only the potential of the predator as suitable biological control agent against T. putrescentiae, but also the possibility of its mass production by frozen host stages. Provision of one-day frozen eggs of T. putrescentiae were the best choice for B. mali survival and reproduction with no harmful effects of living stages (direct damage, frass and exuviae) on crop.

Effect of plant nitrogen and silica on the bionomics ofSesamia calamistis(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sétamou ◽  
F. Schulthess ◽  
N. A. Bosque-Pérez ◽  
A. Thomas-Odjo
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractThe effects of nitrogen and silica application to maize plants on various aspects of the bionomics of the maize stem borer,Sesamia calamistisHampson, were studied in the laboratory. Increasing nitrogen doses significantly increased larval survival (from 18.7% (control) to 37.3% at 2.25 g N/plant), larval weight (from 49.0 mg (control) to 99.5 mg at 2.25 g N/plant), and female fecundity (from 77 eggs per female (control) to 365 eggs per female at 1.69 g N/plant). A significant, positive relationship was found between moth fecundity and female pupal weight. Nitrogen had no effect on larval and pupal developmental time but increased adult longevity. Intrinsic rate of increase, rm, and the net reproductive rate, Ro, were positively related to leaf and stem nitrogen, while generation time, G, was negatively related. Silica had the opposite effect from nitrogen on larval survival. Increasing silica supply reduced ultimate larval survival from 26.0% (control) to 4.0% at 0.56 g Si/plant. Immature developmental time, larval and pupal weight, pupal survival, female fecundity, egg viability and adult longevity ofS. calamistiswere not affected by silica application.

Effect of temperature on biological parameters of Aphidius matricariae, the Aphis fabae parasitoid

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 335-345
Author(s):  
Eliza Pourtaghi ◽  
Asghar Shirvani ◽  
Maryam Rashki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Aphidius Matricariae ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Aphids can have devastating effects on agriculture and horticulture, and biological control agents form an important means of controlling them.Aphidius matricariaeHaliday is an important endoparasitoid for the suppression of aphid pest population outbreaks. In this research, the influence of three different temperatures, 20, 25 and 30°C, on some life cycle charactersitic ofA. matricariaewas studied under laboratory conditions when present on its host,Aphis fabaeScopoli. At 30°C, the intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, finite rate of increase, mean generation time and increase rate in one week were all significantly lower compared to the lower temperatures. The results showed that temperature had a significant effect on the duration of parasitoid development from oviposition to adult emergence. Moreover, the value of doubling time was higher at 30°C than at 20 and 25°C. The parasitoid had the shortest longevity, life span and lowest fecundity at 30°C. This investigation of temperature-dependent development and reproduction can help in the management of biological control programs. The results of this study demonstrate thatA. matricariaeis able to perform, and be mass produced, as a favorable and proper natural enemy for the biocontrol ofA. fabaeat a temperature range of 20-25°C.

ADULT LONGEVITY, FECUNDITY, AND POPULATION GROWTH RATES FOR TRIALEURODES RICINI MISRA (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) AT DIFFERENT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shishehbor ◽  
P.A. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Trialeurodes Ricini ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractLongevity and reproductive potential of adult males and females of Trialeurodes ricini Misra were determined under laboratory conditions at four constant temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C). The resulting data were used to calculate life tables and rates of increase at each temperature. Females of T. ricini oviposited means of 183, 224, 294, and 132 eggs at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, respectively, and had a mean longevity of 38.52, 28.15, 15.78, and 10.11 days at the same four temperatures. The net reproductive rate was 49.92, 72.26, 111.08, and 38.44, and the daily intrinsic rate of increase was 0,05, 0.11, 0.18, and 0.15 at 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C, respectively. Generation times decreased from 69.88 to 24.92 days with increasing temperature. The results indicate that T. ricini can, in otherwise unlimited conditions, persist and increase in numbers within the range 20–35°C.

scholarly journals Suitability of Semolina, Cracked Wheat and Cracked Maize as Feeding Commodities for Tribolium castaneum (Herbst; Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Skourti ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Nikos E. Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

In the current study it was investigated the suitability of semolina, cracked wheat and cracked maize as feeding commodities for the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The pest completed its development on all tested commodities. The developmental time of larvae was lower on cracked wheat (59.6 days) and cracked maize (54.6 days) compared to semolina (72.8 days). The developmental time of pupae did not differ significantly among tested commodities, ranging from 6.2 to 6.6 days. Female and male longevities were 70.9 and 77.1 days, 92.2 and 77.9 days and 177.0 and 183.7 days, when T. castaneum was fed on semolina, cracked wheat and cracked maize, respectively. The highest fecundity (28.7 eggs/female) was recorded when T. castaneum was fed on semolina, followed by cracked wheat (2.7 eggs/female) and cracked maize (1.2 eggs/female). The prolonged adult longevity, which was observed on cracked maize, may be attributed to the absence of the cost of reproduction, due to low fecundity on this commodity. The values of the intrinsic rate of increase were 0.014 and −0.021 females/female/day when it was fed on semolina and cracked wheat, respectively, while no demographic analysis was carried out for cracked maize due to high early larval mortality and low fecundity on this commodity. The net reproductive rate and mean generation time were 6.19 females/female and 127.5 days and 0.16 females/female and 91.9 days, when it was fed on semolina and cracked wheat, respectively. Based on demographic analysis, T. castaneum population growth is favored only on semolina. We expect semolina to act as a suitable commodity for T. castaneum, while cracked wheat and cracked maize allow only its survival by acting as alternative commodities. The estimated demographic parameters of T. castaneum on the tested commodities could be used as a useful tool to predict its population outcome in storage facilities.

PENGARUH PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA TERHADAP BIOLOGI DAN STATISTIK DEMOGRAFI Thrips parvispinus (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) PADA CABAI

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Tomson Hutasoit
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a group of bacteria that have been used as a bio-fertilizer to promote the nutrient plants supply and strengthen against plant pests and diseases. The aim of this study is knowing PGPR effect on long bean toward biology and demographic statistic Thrips parvispinus. The study was conducted by observing the development of the Thrips parvispinusfrom eggs to adulton chili pepper leaves with PGPR application or non-PGPR (control). The collected data were used to obtain information about the biology of the pest such as the stadia of each instar, preoviposition period, life cycle, adult longevity and fecundity. The data were also used to construct life tables for demographic statistic analysis using of the Jackknife method. PGPR usage have impact on thebiology of T. parvispinus such aslife cycle, longevity and fecundity. Gross reproduction rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), and intrinsic rate of increase (r) T. parvispinus with PGPR aplications lower than controls. PGPR can inhibit a doubling time (DT) T. parvispinus becomes longer than controls. Keywords: demographic statistics, life cycle, T. parvispinus

scholarly journals Biologi dan statistik demografi Thrips parvispinus Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) pada tanaman cabai (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Rudi Tomson Hutasoit ◽  
Hermanu Triwidodo ◽  
Ruly Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pepper Leaves

<p><em>Thrips parvispinus</em> Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is one of the major pests of chili pepper in Indonesia. The pest<em> </em>can be found on all parts of the plants, especially flowers and leaves. Information of the biology and demographic statistic of <em>T. parvispinus </em>are still limited<em>.</em> The objective of this research was to study the biology and demographic statistic of <em>T</em>. <em>parvispinus </em>in Bogor. Fifty individual of 1<sup>st</sup> instar nymphs were reared on caged chili pepper leaves (d = 4 cm and h = 8 cm). Chilli pepper leaves were replaced everyday and observed daily to determine the development and number of offspring eggs. The collected data were used to obtain information about the biology of the pest such as the stadia of each instar, preoviposition period, life cycle, adult longevity, and fecundity. The data were also used to construct life tables for demographic statistic analysis using of the <em>Jackknife</em> method. There were 5 phases of immature stages of <em>T. parvispinus</em>: eggs, two instars nymph, prepupa, and pupa with their stadia were 4,79, 1,36, 3,54, 1,08, and 1,96 days respectively. The preoviposition period of the insect was 1,11 days, life cycle was 13,68 days, female longevity was 8,55 days, male longevity was 6,00 days, and fecundity was 15,33 eggs per female. The population development of <em>T. parvispinus </em>followed type III of survivorship curve with intrinsic rate of increase was 0,15 individual per days female per days, net reproductive rate was 5,71 individual per female per generation, generation time was 11,49 days and doubling time was 4,57 days.</p>

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