Features of Population Reproduction and Assessment of Demographic Security of the Republic of Khakassia in the Context of Siberian and All-Russian Trends in the Post-Soviet Period

The article compares the changes in the demographic situation in the Republic of Khakassia with the regional demographic development of the neighboring republics of Altai and Tyva, as well as Krasnoyarsk Krai against the background of Siberian and all-Russian trends for the period 1990–2020. A comparative analysis of the main indicators of population reproduction of these territories was carried out using the method of multi-regional demographic analysis of dynamic series based on Rosstat data. The conclusion is made about the decrease in the level of demographic security in recent years in the Republic of Khakassia, as well as the country as a whole, due first to a decrease in fertility, and then an increase in mortality against the background of the population ageing.

Planning, Analysis and Design of Advanced Township at Thodupuzha in Kerala

Due to the rise in population and increase in urbanisation levels in our country, most of the settlements are in urban areas. As the cities that already existing are heavily populated along with a great deal of limitations in the infrastructure, emergence of an advanced township away from the vicinity of these overpopulated urban areas offer safer and better accommodation for the people. The planning and layout of the project is shown using autoCAD and for the structural analysis we use STADD Pro V.18i. Demographic analysis is done among specific clientele. Development of roof top rainwater harvesting(sump)has been carried out in order to provide source of water for the whole population of the township. Use of intze tank which is a circular overhead tank to meet the daily water requirement of the population inside the township.For the proper disposal and processing of the waste generated, almost 30 acres of land is being used to hold the per capita waste generated which managed after calculating factors like total waste generated, estimated landfill, total area required for land etc. The salient features a major advantages of this township is discussed in detail. Keywords: IS - Indian Standard BM - Bending Moment BIS - Bureau of Indian Standards cm - CentiMeters mm - MilliMeters m - Meter C - Celsius

Customer Superstitions in the Accommodation Industry: A Demographic Analysis

This research project focussed on the topic of superstitions which is widely prevalent but under-explored. Specifically, this study examined the effects of demographical variables (namely, gender, age, education, income, and religion) on 18 superstitious behaviours. An online survey was distributed using two non-probability sampling techniques: snowballing and voluntary response sampling. The data collection was done through known contacts and on a social media platform within online communities. The survey was open to participants who were at least 18 years old and fitted the other criterion of being guests at hotels, hostels, Airbnb, etc. A total of 126 usable responses was collected and analysed. Descriptive statistics and MANOVA results indicated that demographical variables did not have much effect on superstitious behaviours. Furthermore, the extent of superstitious behavioural displays was also not varied among respondents with different demographical profiles. In a challenging business landscape, it is relevant and important for the accommodation industry to have heightened awareness about guests’ superstitions. Such knowledge can aid the operators in exhibiting extra cultural sensitivity and gracious respect towards their guests, generating more satisfaction and building loyalty.

Anterior inferior plating versus superior plating for middle 1/3rd clavicle fracture: a prospective comparative study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Fractures of the clavicle are common injuries that may result from direct blow or transmitted forces. Deformities are shortening and depression of lateral fragments. Various techniques are performed out of which superior and anteroinferior plating are widely used with each having its own merits and drawbacks. Our study compares the outcome between above mentioned techniques.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective comparative study of 60 patients who has met inclusion criteria and out of which 30 patients were treated with anteroinferior technique and 30 patients were treated with superior plating technique. Outcome measure were assessed through constant and murley score.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The demographic analysis of our study showed that the incidence of fracture is predominant among males (63.3%) with RTA being the most common mode of injury. AO/OTA classification which was used in our study revealed A1 as the most frequently involved group. Each group had 2 patients with infection post operatively which was managed with appropriate antibiotics. Increased incidence of delayed union was found in anterioinferior group (13.3%) with decreased hardware prominence in comparison with superior plating.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There were no significant differences in functional outcome between both the groups except the fact that superior plating had higher chances of plate prominence. So either of the surgical technique can be employed depending upon the feasibility of surgeon.</p>

Comparative Study of Trend of Suicidal Cases in the Lockdown Period during Severe Phase of First Wave of COVID-19 with Those in Second Wave in Patna among Dead Bodies Brought for Autopsy at Nalanda Medical College, Patna - A Retrospective Study

Introduction: There is hardly a person in the world who is not affected by the fearsome covid19 pandemic either physically, psychologically and socio-economically. It has caused extreme mental stress to not only those infected but also those who had to remain indoors for prolonged period due to lockdown. The second wave in 2021 was deadlier with many casualties though there was no pan INDIA lockdown this time. Aims and Objectives: 1) To study and compare all confirmed suicidal deaths in the first lockdown period upto its severe period (Upto June 2020) with suicidal cases during the second phase of COVID-19, from March to June 2021 approximately. 2) Demographic analysis of suicidal cases with determinants like incidence, sex, & age wise distribution, mode of suicide, any specific causes etc, will be studied & evaluated for any perceptible change between the severe phases of first & second waves Materials and Methods: It is retrospective ,record review analytical and comparative study based on postmortem examination reports of all cases conducted by all doctors of department of FMT, Nalanda Medical College, Patna who did autopsy during both periods of study together with study of all police inquests, requisitions(challans), sent by the police investigating officers of concerned cases. Study period- a) 25th march 2020 to June 2020 (lockdown phase). b) March 2021 to June 2021 Results: Total number of suicides was more in Lockdown period of the First wave (10.88%) than in the in the 2nd phase in 2021(9.87%). In the First phase the cases of hanging were 75% & due to poisoning 25%. But in the 2nd phase hanging accounted for the 62.5%, poisoning 31.25% & Drowning 6.25%. Conclusions: Lockdown had more impact on the mental health of a person in Covid than the actual severity of the disease as the number of suicides decreased in the 2nd phase though it was more severe. Financial concerns & perils of confined life added to the fear of the unknown disease in lockdown & in the second phase people were more prepared mentally & financially to combat the disease. Keywords: covid, lockdown, suicide, hanging, autopsy.

STUDY OF DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND COMPLICATIONS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

Objective: To study the demographic analysis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management in covid-19 patients. To assess the complications in covid-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective observational single centered study is carried out to study the demographic analysis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, and complications in covid-19 patients. Results: Among 100 covid-19 patients 58% were male and 42% were female. Percentages of age group between 60-70 years (27%), 50-60 (20%), 40-50 (16%), 70-80 (16%), 30-40 (8%), 20-30 (5%), 80-90 (4%), and 10-20 (4%). Co-morbidities were diabetes (44%), hypertension (28%), CAD (21%), thyroid (19%), COPD (12%), anemia (8%), and renal impairment (4%). Signs and symptoms were fever (88%), cough (80%), SOB (72%), fatigue (68%), myalgia (60%), loss of appetite (52%), cold (24%), loss of smell and taste (20%), diarrhea and vomiting (12%). (97%) of the patients had two or more symptoms. Diagnostic test include RT-PCR (100%), HRCT (100%), O2 saturation (99%), D-dimer (65%), c-reactive (60%), Procalcitonin (60%), and also LDH, IL-6,PT, INR, ferritin, CBP, WBC. Treatment includes antiviral (100%), antibiotics (100%), corticosteroids (73%), immunosuppressant (54%), and antihypertensive, antidiabetic, Antiplatelets, bronchodilators, vitamins, and mineral supplements. Conclusion: Covid-19 infects the males more and average ages of 65 years are at risk. Hypertension and diabetes were most common co-morbid condition. Fever and cough are major followed by weakness sob and cold. RT- PCR and HRCT are accurate tool to detect covid-19. Although standard treatment is not yet available antibiotics and antiviral are used followed by corticosteroids. Majority of the patients have mild and moderate injection and with the lowest death rate. Older age and co-morbid conditions are major risk factors.