scholarly journals Resistance and tolerance of ten carrot cultivars to the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt., in Poland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247978
Author(s):  
Maria Pobożniak ◽  
Małgorzata Gaborska ◽  
Tomasz Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Damage caused to cultivated carrots by the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the factors limiting carrot production in Poland. Planting resistant and tolerant cultivars could reduce yield losses due to the damage caused by this pest. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance and/or tolerance of 10 carrot genotypes to hawthorn-carrot aphid. Their field resistance was determined under field conditions based on five indicators, namely, mean number of alates (migrants) per plant and mean percentage of plants colonized by them, mean seasonal number of aphids per plant, mean number of aphids per plant and mean percentage of infested plants at peak abundance. Antibiosis experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions and pre-reproductive, reproductive time, fertility, and demographic parameters, represented by the net reproduction rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and mean generation time (T), were calculated. Five cultivars, Afro F1, Nipomo F1, Samba F1, White Satin F1, and Yellowstone showed field resistance. Antibiosis experiments revealed significant differences among the carrot cultivars in the length of the reproductive period, female fecundity in the time equal to the pre-reproduction time, and total progeny of hawthorn-carrot aphid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) for apterous aphids varied significantly, ranging between 0.181 (Nipomo F1) and 0.343 females/female/day (White Satin F1). Additionally, the estimated net reproductive rate (R0) was the lowest on Nipomo F1, and this genotype was determined to be resistant. Our results suggest that a very high density of trichomes on the leaf petioles (71.94 trichomes/cm2) could adversely affect the feeding, bionomy, and demographic parameters of hawthorn-carrot aphid on the cultivar Nipomo F1. In addition, Napa F1 and Kongo F1 demonstrated high tolerance. Considering all the results collectively, four genotypes, Afro F1, Kongo F1, Napa F1 and Nipomo F1, were relatively resistant/tolerant to the hawthorn-carrot aphid.

scholarly journals Demographic parameters of cowpea aphids on advanced semi-erect cowpea lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 900-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Daniel Rodrigues Nere ◽  
Ervino Bleicher ◽  
Antônio Vinícius Correa Barbosa ◽  
Eraldo José Madureira Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Finite Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of advanced semi-erect cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) lines, by means of a screening assay for resistance and the elaboration of fertility-life tables of Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The experiments were carried out in a screenhouse. For the resistance trial, 15 advanced cowpea lines were used, as well as two standard genotypes for resistance and two for susceptibility, which were arranged in six blocks. After resistance was determined, two lines with the highest and lowest resistance were selected for the development of the fertility-life tables which were used to estimate demographic parameters. The MNCO4-762F-03 and MNCO4-762F-09 cowpea lines were classified as resistant, for which cowpea aphids showed the lowest values (in parentheses, respectively) for: net reproductive rate (RO = 3.0 and 2.5), intrinsic rate of increase (rm = 0.16 and 0.15), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.18 and 1.16). The highest values were obtained for the 'Vita-7', MNCO4-795F-168, and 'BRS Tumucumaque' genotypes. The MNCO4-762F-03 and MNCO4-762F-09 lines show antibiosis-type resistance, which directly affects the reproductive potential of the cowpea aphid population.

scholarly journals Effects of Acetamiprid at Low and Median Lethal Concentrations on the Development and Reproduction of the Soybean Aphid Aphis glycines

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Aonan Zhang ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Ziqi Liu ◽  
Jiabo Zhang ◽  
Kuijun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major pest of soybean and poses a serious threat to soybean production. Studies on the effect of acetamiprid on the life table parameters of A. glycines, provide important information for the effective management of this pest. We found that exposure to acetamiprid at LC50 significantly extended the mean generation time, adult pre-reproductive period, and total pre-reproduction period compared with the control, whereas exposure to acetamiprid at LC30 significantly shortened these periods. Exposure to acetamiprid at both LC30 and LC50 significantly decreased the fecundity of the female adult, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase compared with the control. The probability of attaining the adult stage was 0.51, 0.38, and 0.86 for a newly born nymph from the LC30 acetamiprid treatment group, LC50 acetamiprid treatment group, and control group, respectively. Acetamiprid at both LC50 and LC30 exerted stress effects on A. glycines, with the LC50 treatment significantly decreased the growth rate compared with the LC30 treatment. The present study provides reference data that could facilitate the exploration of the effects of acetamiprid on A. glycines in the field.

The effects of bifenazate on life history traits and population growth of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-623
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Havasi ◽  
Ayad Alsendi ◽  
Nniloufar Sangak Sani Bozhgani ◽  
Katayoon Kheradmand ◽  
Reza Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a notorious crop pest with a worldwide distribution that has developed resistance to a wide range of acaricides. Combined tactics of pest management have special significance not only for a reduction in pesticide residues but also to maintain the natural enemy activity, which is an objective of IPM programs. Here, we investigated the effect of low-lethal concentrations of bifenazate at LC10, LC20, and LC30 on development and reproduction parameters of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Lethal and sub-lethal concentrations were estimated using leaf dip bioassay method. The crude data were analyzed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. Toxicological assays showed bifenazate treatments gradually decreased the longevity and total life span of both sexes. Our results indicated that reproductive and total fecundity of the next generation were also affected by sublethal concentrations. All concentrations caused a significant decline in oviposition days, compared to the control. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) varied from 0.1344 to 0.1151 day-1 for the mites treated with distilled water and LC30 treatments, respectively. The finite rate of increase (λ) was affected by the acaricide concentration (lowest at LC30 concentration: 1.1221 day-1). Bifenazate concentration (LC10, LC20 and LC30) treatments gradually reduced the gross reproduction rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0). Based on obtained results from current study, bifenazate is not a favorable acaricide with A. swiriskii and cannot be recommended to use with this predatory mite in integrated management.

scholarly journals Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Samah Ben Chaaban ◽  
Brahim Chermiti ◽  
Serge Kreiter
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Old World ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. mostly in North Africa and the Middle East. A population of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas has been recently found in Tunisia in association with a decrease of O. afrasiaticus densities. The objective of this paper was to assess the development and reproduction abilities of T. ( A.) athenas on O. afrasiaticus under laboratory conditions at two temperatures: 27 and 32 °C. The results obtained show that females of T. (A.) athenas develop in 5 days at 27 °C and 4.1 days at 32 °C. The mean fecundity of T. (A.) athenas was 32.1 and 23.2 eggs per female at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. Life table parameters were stimated: the net reproductive rate (Ro) 27.9 and 17.9 eggs/female, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.322 and 0,344 female/female/day and the mean generation time (T) 10.3 and 8.4 days at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. At both temperatures tested, T. (A.) athenas intrinsic rate of increase was greater than that of O. afrasiaticus (rm = 0.213 at 32 °C,against rm = 0.166 day1 at 27 °C). Typhlodromus (A.) athenas would be able to develop at a wide range of temperatures feeding on O. afrasiaticus and seems to be able to potentially control it.

EFFECTS OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY, AND SIMULATED RAINFALL ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF THE SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (OLIGONYCHUS UNUNGUIS)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Boyne ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Oligonychus Ununguis ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractExperiments were conducted on Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir, seedlings or cut terminals. Results indicate that Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) responds most favorably to temperatures approximating 26 °C and to relative humidity levels approaching 50 to 60%. Developmental time, time to 50% mortality, net reproductive rate, mean generation time, intrinsic rate of natural increase, finite rate of increase, and days for populations to double were computed for each temperature and relative humidity regime. Simulated rainfall severely limits population density on Fraser fir seedlings.

scholarly journals Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Tables of the Predatory Mite Cheyletus Malaccensis Oudemans at Different Temperatures

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Miao Cui ◽  
Liyuan Xia ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cheyletus Malaccensis

Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans is a predatory mite inhabiting grain depots in China. The relationship between temperature and the population growth rate of C. malaccensis is useful for predicting its population dynamics. Age-stage, two-sex life tables of the predator, C. malaccensis, reared on Acarus siro were constructed under laboratory conditions at 22, 24, 28, 30, and 32 °C, 75% relative humidity, and a 0:24 h (L:D) photoperiod. Increasing temperature shortened the development time of the immature stages. The complete generation time of C. malaccensis ranged from 11.10 d to 27.50 d. Life table parameters showed that 28 °C was the optimum temperature for the growth and development of C. malaccensis; populations could increase rapidly at this temperature. The highest net reproductive rate (R0 = 290.25) and highest fecundity (544.52) occurred at 28 °C. Temperature significantly affected the intrinsic rate of increase (r), fecundity, and finite rate of increase (λ). The values of age-specific fecundity (high to low) were 28 °C > 24 °C > 30 °C > 32 °C > 22 °C, while the values of age-stage-specific fecundity had the same trend.

Biological traits of acarophagous thrips, Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae): Application of female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life tables

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Marjan Heidarian ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipor ◽  
Amin Sedaratian-jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Scolothrips Longicornis

Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein is an important phytophagous pest of almond trees which causes serious damage in southwestern Iran. Scolothrips longicornis Priesner has been considered as an efficient predatory thrips that feeds on this spider mite and hence its efficiency for controlling S. smirnovi should be evaluated. In the current study, all main biological parameters of S. longicornis fed on S. smirnovi were determined under laboratory conditions. Data analysis was performed using both female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life table theories. Duration of incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal and pre-adult periods of male predators were 4.73, 3.18, 1.05, 1.86 and 10.82 days, respectively. These periods in female individuals lasted 4.57, 3.92, 1.04, 1.87 and 11.00 days, respectively. Our findings showed that each female laid an average of 62.74 eggs during its ovipositional period (13.61 days). Using the age-stage, two-sex life table, the values of the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) were estimated to be 26.236 (eggs/individual), 0.171 (day-1), 1.186 (day-1) and 19.130 (days), respectively. Using the female age-specific life table, these parameters had different values. Our findings revealed that S. longicornis has a reliable capability to increase its population by feeding on S. smirnovi. This information can expand our knowledge for assessing biological efficiency of this predatory thrips in sustainable management of the destructive mite pest. 

scholarly journals A life table analysis to evaluate biological control of banks grass mite using the predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Thomas M. Perring
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Banks Grass Mite

The predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), has shown promising traits for biological control of Banks grass mite, the major pest of date palms in California. In the present study, reproduction and population growth parameters of G. flumenis on Banks grass mite eggs were studied at 34ºC, 50±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) hours. 100 percent of eggs hatched and 63.5 percent of the emerged larvae survived to adulthood. The total immature developmental time was 5.7 and 5.5 days for females and males, respectively. The sex ratio of G. flumenis was 0.70 (females/ females+ males). Mated females laid on average 1.6 eggs per day and 19.9 eggs during their mean ovipositional period of 12.5 days. The net reproductive rate (R0) was 11.5 females/ female/ generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.200 females/ female/ day, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.222 population multiplication/ day, the mean generation time (T) was 12.2 days, and the doubling time (DT) was 3.5 days. The lower rm value of G. flumenis than that of its prey (0.24–0.48) explains why Banks grass mite escapes control by G. flumenis in field. These results suggest that augmentative release of this predator would offset the lower rm of the predator, thereby contributing to the control of Banks grass mite. Combined with the benefit of early releases determined in companion studies, future field studies with G. flumenis are being planned.

RESISTANCE TO APHIS CRACCIVORA (HOMOPTERA:APHIDIDAE) IN SELECTED VARIETIES OF COWPEA

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Messina ◽  
J. A. A. Renwick ◽  
Joyce L. Barmore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Nearly 200 varieties of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, were screened for resistance to the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. Three varieties known to be resistant in West Africa were highly susceptible to an aphid population from the southern United States. Four other varieties, however, inhibited growth of the southern United States population both in the laboratory and in the field. Life-table comparisons using a resistant and a susceptible variety revealed a three-fold difference in the intrinsic rate of increase and a more than twenty-fold difference in the net reproductive rate. High nymphal mortality and low fecundity on resistant plants were largely responsible for these differences.

scholarly journals Age Stage Two-Sex Life Table Reveals Sublethal Effects of Some Herbal and Chemical Insecticides on Adults ofBemisia tabaci(Hem.: Aleyrodidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jafarbeigi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Samih ◽  
Mehdi Zarabi ◽  
Saeideh Esmaeily
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Important Pest

The sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Genn.) (Hem.: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest of agriculture in subtropical and tropical areas. In this study, we used the age-stage two-sex life table to evaluate the sublethal effects of the herbal extracts taken fromFumaria parvifloraLam. (Fumariaceae),Teucrium poliumL. (Lamiaceae),Calotropis procera(Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), andThymus vulgarisL. (Lamiaceae) as well as the two commercial synthetic insecticides, pymetrozin and neemarin. The whiteflies were exposed to each insecticide using leaf-dip method. Analysis of life table parameters revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) in the net reproductive rate (R0,NRR), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) among different insecticides. The lowest values of the three population parameters,R0,r, andλ, were observed on whiteflies treated with pymetrozin (2.455, 0.036, and 1.036),T. polium(2.828, 0.044, and 1.045), and neemarin (2.998, 0.046, and 1.047), respectively. Results of this study highlights the satisfactory insecticidal effects of the extract taken fromT. poliumonB. tabaci, which is comparable to the two commonly used synthetic insecticides.

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