Foot-based allomorphy in Tlapanec (Mè’phàà)

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Uchihara ◽  
Gregorio Tiburcio Cano
Keyword(s):  
Foot Structure

Abstract Tlapanec (Mè’phàà), an Otomanguean language spoken in Mexico, has several allomorphic alternations which are sensitive to the number of syllables of the stem (monosyllabic vs. disyllabic). We argue that these alternations are motivated by the foot structure which consists of two syllables, and that such alternations can be captured by subcategorization frames. An alternative, P » M analysis is also provided, where the allomorphic alternations are motivated by markedness constraints, namely *(tV.ˈσ), which avoids [t] in the weak position of the foot. These two approaches will be compared, and it will be argued that a subcategorization approach is more adequate than a P » M analysis.

Foot structure in obese children: Implications for footwear design

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Riddiford-Harland ◽  
J.R. Steele ◽  
L.A. Baur
Keyword(s):  
Obese Children ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Footwear Design

Foot-to-Shoe Mismatch and Rates of Referral in Special Olympics Athletes

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Jenkins ◽  
Kimbal Cooper ◽  
Rachel O’Connor ◽  
Liane Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
And Performance

Background: Improperly fitted shoes are frequently seen in athletes participating in Special Olympics competitions. This foot-to-shoe mismatch may result in deformities as well as discomfort and reduced performance or injuries in competitions. A primary purpose for providing medical screenings is to identify conditions unknown and to promptly refer to an appropriate provider for evaluation and care. This study attempts to determine the prevalence of improperly fitted shoes and the rate of referral for Special Olympics athletes screened at Fit Feet venues. Methods: To evaluate the foot-to-shoe mismatch and rate of referral, 4,094 Fit Feet screenings of Special Olympics athletes participating in US competitions in 2005 to 2009 were analyzed. The participants were 58.5% male and 41.5% female, with a median age of 25.6 years. A power analysis and the χ2 test were used. The athletes voluntarily underwent a foot screening that followed the standardized Special Olympics Fit Feet protocol. The Brannock Device for measuring feet was used to assess proper fit. Results: A proper fit was found in 58.56% of the athletes, with 28.60% wearing shoes too big and 12.84% wearing shoes too small. Unrelated to shoe fit, 20% of the athletes required referrals for professional follow-up based on abnormal clinical findings. Conclusions: There is a significant (41.44%) mismatch of foot to shoe in Special Olympics athletes. The most common mismatch is a shoe too big, with a much smaller number of athletes having shoes too small. Awareness of this foot-to-shoe incompatibility may be useful for the development of shoes better designed for athletes with a foot structure not consistent with conventional shoes. Because 20% of the athletes required a referral for professional follow-up, Fit Feet examinations are important for identifying athletes with conditions that can be more readily evaluated and treated, thus improving the athletes’ comfort and performance. Beyond knowing the rate of referral, future studies can determine the conditions or findings that necessitate a referral and the ultimate outcome of that referral. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(3): 187–197, 2012)

Gait analysis for the development of the biped robot foot structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 2159-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke OGAWA ◽  
Daichi MAITA ◽  
Gentiane VENTURE
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Biped Robot ◽  
Foot Structure

Development of Foot Structure for Humanoid Robot Using Topology Optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Van Tinh Nguyen ◽  
Daichi Kiuchi ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Adaptive Differential Evolution ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Set Up

This paper addresses the development of a foot structure for 22-Degree of Freedom (DoF) humanoid robot. The goal of this research is to reduce the weight of the foot and enable the robot to walk steadily. The proposed foot structure is based on the consideration of cases where the ground reaction forces are set up in different situations. The optimal foot structure is a combination of all the topology optimization results. Additionally, a gait pattern is generated by an approximated optimization method based on Response Surface Model (RSM) and Improved Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm (ISADE). The result is validated through dynamic simulation by a commercially available software called Adams (MSC software, USA) with the humanoid robot named KHR-3HV belonging to Kondo Kagaku company.

scholarly journals Metrical Tone Shift and Spread in Harmonic Serialism

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Breteler
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Harmonic Serialism ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Tone Pattern

This paper proposes a framework for the analysis of bounded tone patterns, where tone shifts or spreads across a small distance. The framework starts from the idea that foot structure drives such tone processes, with foot edges acting as targets for tone association. To account for trisyllabic patterns, a theory of layered foot representation is adopted (Kager 2012, Martinez-Paricio 2013). In addition, to account for the opacity of foot-driven tone shift, the analysis is cast in Harmonic Serialism (Prince & Smolensky 1993, McCarthy 2000). Lastly, the paper presents a set of licensing and structural markedness constraints to derive the desired patterns. The approach is successfully applied to the default tone pattern of tbe Saghala noun phrase (Patin 2009), which shows a combination of shifting and spreading over a trisyllabic domain.

scholarly journals Effects of weight loss on foot structure in obese adults: a pilot study

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsup Song ◽  
Gary Foster ◽  
Reagan Kane ◽  
Dana N Tango ◽  
Stephanie Vander Veur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Foot Structure

Normal function and movement

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
William Ledoux ◽  
Joseph Iaquinto
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Normal Movement ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
And Function ◽  
Biplane Fluoroscopy

In this chapter, we will begin with a basic overview of the principles of human movement, anatomy, and function, before discussing the foot structure–function relationship. We will then briefly review the principles and techniques of gait analysis, followed by a review of walking and the gait cycle and the response of ankle cartilage during gait. Next, a description of normal movement and foot function, reviewing tissue- and joint-specific function, as well as complex systematic foot function, will be given. Finally, a review of some specialized techniques for studying foot function, including computational modelling, biplane fluoroscopy, and cadaveric gait simulation, will be provided.

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