scholarly journals Expanded Jones complex space model to describe arbitrary higher-order spatial states in fiber

Nanophotonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1757-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiwei Mao ◽  
Yange Liu ◽  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Kang Yang ◽  
Mao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Space ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Higher Order Modes ◽  
Spatial Modes ◽  
Jones Model ◽  
Order State ◽  
Spatial State

AbstractAs a new multiplexing dimension, spatial modes are catching increasing attentions nowadays. It is a fundamental task to establish an appropriate theoretical model to describe these spatial modes, especially higher-order spatial modes. However, existing theoretical models are only able to explain some special higher-order spatial states in fiber. The basic problem in these models is that their discussed dimensions are not enough. Indeed, to describe a higher-order spatial state, at least four dimensions are needed. In this paper, we present an expanded Jones complex space model, which is four-dimensional when a single higher-order state is discussed. The expanded Jones model is based on the discussion of an arbitrary combination of four degenerated higher-order modes. As a result, arbitrary spatial states are described. Because the number of used dimensions matches that of the problem, the descriptions of higher-order modes are more complete than other models. Also, we have verified the reliability of the expanded Jones model in our experiment. This model has the potential to simplify many analyses related to spatial modes in fiber.

Higher Order Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenal Character ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Unconscious Perception ◽  
Higher Order Theory ◽  
Order State

Rosenthal's rendition of representationalism denies intentionalism. His higher order theory instead asserts that a perceptual state's phenomenal character is set by that state's being related to, because represented by, another, but higher order, cognitive state. The theory arises from the doubtful supposition of unconscious perception and mistakenly construes intrinsic phenomenal character extrinsically, as one state's serving as the content of another. Yet it remains mysterious how and why a higher order state might be so potent as to determine phenomenal character at all. Better to resist higher order theory’s embrace of dubious unconscious perceptual states and account for states so-called simply in terms of humdrum mnemonic malfeasance. Moreover, since the suspect theory allows higher order misrepresentation, it implies sufferance of impossible phenomenal character. Equally problematic, representationalism pitched at the higher order entails the existence of bogus phenomenal character when upstairs states represent downstairs nonperceptual states.

scholarly journals Electrical characterisation of higher order spin wave modes in vortex-based magnetic tunnel junctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex. S. Jenkins ◽  
Lara San Emeterio Alvarez ◽  
Samh Memshawy ◽  
Paolo Bortolotti ◽  
Vincent Cros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Wave ◽  
Tunnel Junctions ◽  
Magnetic Tunnel Junctions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Spin Torque ◽  
Micromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Higher Order Modes ◽  
Spin Diode ◽  
Super High Frequency ◽  
Wave Modes

AbstractNiFe-based vortex spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNO) have been shown to be rich dynamic systems which can operate as efficient frequency generators and detectors, but with a limitation in frequency determined by the gyrotropic frequency, typically sub-GHz. In this report, we present a detailed analysis of the nature of the higher order spin wave modes which exist in the Super High Frequency range (3–30 GHz). This is achieved via micromagnetic simulations and electrical characterisation in magnetic tunnel junctions, both directly via the spin-diode effect and indirectly via the measurement of the coupling with the gyrotropic critical current. The excitation mechanism and spatial profile of the modes are shown to have a complex dependence on the vortex core position. Additionally, the inter-mode coupling between the fundamental gyrotropic mode and the higher order modes is shown to reduce or enhance the effective damping depending upon the sense of propagation of the confined spin wave.

Higher Order Language: Risk, Promotive, and Risk-Based Protective Associations with Youth Offending

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110077
Author(s):  
Stavroola A. S. Anderson ◽  
David J. Hawes ◽  
Pamela C. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Order Language ◽  
Nonverbal Skills

Research has implicated oral language deficits as risk factors for antisocial behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between higher order language skills and youth offending through a risk, promotive and risk-based protective factor paradigm. In a sample of adolescent males ( n = 130; 13 to 20 years; 62% youth offenders) skills in understanding ambiguity, making inferences, and understanding figurative language were demonstrated to have risk and promotive effects in association with youth offending. Figurative language also met criteria for having risk-based protective effects for youth at high offending risk due to poor nonverbal skills. Conceptualization of higher order language skills through this paradigm promotes a broader frame of reference for considering theoretical models and practical interventions.

scholarly journals Design of large mode area all-solid anti-resonant fiber for high-power lasers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Shoufei Gao ◽  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Pu Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Coupling Scheme ◽  
Resonant Coupling ◽  
Higher Order Modes ◽  
Mode Loss ◽  
Fiber Mode ◽  
Power Needs ◽  
Mode Area

Abstract High-power fiber lasers have experienced a dramatic development over the last decade. Further increasing the output power needs an upscaling of the fiber mode area, while maintaining a single-mode output. Here, we propose an all-solid anti-resonant fiber (ARF) structure, which ensures single-mode operation in broadband by resonantly coupling higher-order modes into the cladding. A series of fibers with core sizes ranging from 40 to 100 μm are proposed exhibiting maximum mode area exceeding 5000 μm2. Numerical simulations show this resonant coupling scheme provides a higher-order mode (mainly TE01, TM01, and HE21) suppression ratio of more than 20 dB, while keeping the fundamental mode loss lower than 1 dB/m. The proposed structure also exhibits high tolerance for core index depression.

Reduced-Order State Space Model for Dynamic Phasors in Active Distribution Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1928-1941
Author(s):  
Huifang Wang ◽  
Kuan Jiang ◽  
Mohammad Shahidehpour ◽  
Benteng He
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Dynamic Phasors ◽  
Active Distribution Networks ◽  
Order State

On the higher-order modes in rectangular-groove guide

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Shi ◽  
K. F. Tsang ◽  
C. N. Wong ◽  
W. X. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Higher Order Modes ◽  
Groove Guide ◽  
Rectangular Groove
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