Carboxylated bleached kraft pulp from maleic anhydride copolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfeng Zhang ◽  
Ester Tsenter ◽  
Paul Bicho ◽  
Erin A. S. Doherty ◽  
Richard Riehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Maleic Anhydride Copolymer ◽  
Maleic Anhydride Copolymers

Abstract Seven copolymers of maleic anhydride were hydrolyzed and impregnated into sheets of bleached softwood kraft pulps to enhance market pulp properties. Drying the impregnated pulps at 120 °C for 10 minutes, attached to the fiber surfaces up 0.16 meq of carboxyl groups per gram of dry pulp. Heating the impregnated pulps regenerates succinic anhydride moieties which can then form stable ester linkages with cellulosic hydroxyls. The pH of the impregnation solution is important. Impregnation with solutions at pH 8 gave polymer contents without repulping issues. By contrast, impregnation at pH 4 gave dried pulp sheets that were too strong to enable repulping in a paper mill. Although most of the seven copolymers were fixed to cellulose, poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) gave the highest density of carboxyl groups. The simplicity of waterborne polymers and mild drying temperatures suggests maleic anhydride copolymer treatment could be implemented in a conventional market pulp mill.

Synthesis of ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer containing fungicides and evaluation of their effect for wood decay resistance

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Maleic Anhydride Copolymer ◽  
Hydroxy Quinoline

Abstract The aim of the present study was to combat wood decay based on the approach controlled-release biocides from polymers. The possibility of introducing polymer-bonded fungicides into the cell lumens was investigated. The synthesis of ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer containing pentachlorophenol (penta) and 8-hydroxy quinoline (8HQ) in N, N dimethyl formamide is described. It was demonstrated that the penta-bonded acrylate is a poly(ethylene co-dipentachlorophenyl diacrylate), which has a disubstituted pentachlorophenyl group linked through two acrylate ester bonds. The reaction of ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer with 8-hydroxy quinoline leads to products containing 44.8% poly(ethylene co-8-hydroxy quinolinyl acrylate) and 55.2% of unreacted poly(ethylene co-maleic anhydride). Wood impregnated with the polymers described prevented decay by a brown- and white-rot fungus, even after water leaching. Wood treated with the fungicide pentachlorophenol (penta) alone prevented only decay by a brown-rot fungus. An advantage is that high loading of penta in polymer can be achieved. Moreover, there is a slow-release effect on the active agent due to hydrolysis of ester bonds. The decay resistance of wood treated with poly(ethylene co-8-quinolinyl acrylate) was similar to that of wood impregnated with 8-hydroxy quinoline.

Alkaline peroxide treatment of ECF bleached softwood kraft pulps. Part 1. Characterizing the effect of alkaline peroxide treatment on carboxyl groups of fibers

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Dang ◽  
Thomas Elder ◽  
Arthur J. Ragauskas
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Group Content

Abstract The influence of alkaline peroxide treatment has been characterized on elementally chlorine-free (ECF) bleached softwood (SW) kraft pulp. The results indicate that fiber charge increased with an increase in peroxide charge: a maximum fiber charge increment of 16.6% was obtained with 8.0% more peroxide charge on oven-dried (o.d.) pulp at 60.0°C. Two primary bleaching temperatures of 60.0°C and 90.0°C were investigated during peroxide treatment. Copper number decreased for peroxide charges of 0.5% and 1.0% at 60.0°C and 90.0°C, respectively, then increased with increasing peroxide charge. Both fiber charge and copper number approached constant values when 4.0% or higher peroxide charge was applied. Peroxide treatment on a bleached kraft pulp at 90.0°C resulted in lower fiber charge and lower intrinsic viscosity compared to treatment at 60.0°C. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) pretreatment was able to protect the fibers from being degraded during peroxide bleaching. Fiber charge and copper number were compared after peroxide treatment of ECF bleached kraft pulp to NaBH4-reduced ECF bleached kraft pulp. The results indicate that the carbonyl group content of fibers is favorable for improving fiber charge after peroxide treatment.

Surface Esterification of Poly(Ethylene-alt-Maleic Anhydride) Copolymer

2000 ◽  
Vol 104 (45) ◽  
pp. 10608-10611 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Evenson ◽  
C. A. Fail ◽  
J. P. S. Badyal
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Maleic Anhydride Copolymer

Public Evaluation of Fish Tainting from Pulp and Paper Mill Discharges

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
C. G. Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Public Advisory ◽  
St Lawrence River

As part of the Remedial Action Plan (RAP) programs for the St. Lawrence and Spanish Rivers in Ontario, Canada, tainting evaluations were conducted using members of the Public Advisory Committees (PACs) and the RAP teams. Triangle test sensory evaluations were conducted on caged rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed insitu upstream and downstream of the pulp and paper mill diffuser outfalls In the St. Lawrence River only, evaluations were conducted on indigenous yellow perch (Perca flavescens) caught upstream and downstream of the mill discharge . In both locations, the odour of the flesh from the caged trout exposed above the diffuser outfall was not judged significantly different from caged trout exposed downstream of the discharge. However, the indigenous perch caught downstream of the mill in the St. Lawrence River were judged by the panelists to have a significantly more objectionable odour than those caught upstream of the discharge. While the effluent tainting potential appears to have been eliminated in the Spanish River, further studies are required to determine the source and magnitude of tainting concerns in the St. Lawrence River. The sensory test and results reported here provide useful tools for evaluating the tainting potential of pulp mill discharges and for assessing perceived consumer quality of the fish exposed to these effluents.

Characterization of odorous compounds from bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Brownlee ◽  
S. L. Kenefick ◽  
G. A. MacInnis ◽  
S. E. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Methyl Phenyl Sulfide ◽  
Library Spectrum

Odour compounds in extracts of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) have been characterized by olfactory gas chromatography (OGC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A variety of sulfury odours was detected by OGC in addition to woody and pulp mill-like odours. Three sulfur compounds were identified by comparison of retention times and partial mass spectra with authentic standards: dimethyl disulfide, 3-methylthiophene and thioanisole (methyl phenyl sulfide). Typical concentrations in BKME were 1, 0.05, and 0.5 μg/l, respectively. Their odour intensity is relatively low and they were not detected by OGC. Dimethyl trisulfide was tentatively identified by comparison of its partial mass spectrum with a literature (library) spectrum. Its concentration in BKME was estimated at 0.5-2 μg/l. It corresponded to a skunky odour in the OGC profiles. Efforts to identify another odour peak, eluting just after 3-methylthiophene, with a pronounced alkyl sulfide odour were unsuccessful.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document