scholarly journals Two-photon polymerization nanolithography technology for fabrication of stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1118-1136
Author(s):  
Zhenjia Huang ◽  
Gary Chi-Pong Tsui ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Chak-Yin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Nano Fabrication ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

AbstractMicro/nano-fabrication technology via two-photon polymerization (TPP) nanolithography is a powerful and useful manufacturing tool that is capable of generating two dimensional (2D) to three dimensional (3D) arbitrary micro/nano-structures of various materials with a high spatial resolution. This technology has received tremendous interest in cell and tissue engineering and medical microdevices because of its remarkable fabrication capability for sophisticated structures from macro- to nano-scale, which are difficult to be achieved by traditional methods with limited microarchitecture controllability. To fabricate precisely designed 3D micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications via TPP nanolithography, the use of photoinitiators (PIs) and photoresists needs to be considered comprehensively and systematically. In this review, widely used commercially available PIs are first discussed, followed by elucidating synthesis strategies of water-soluble initiators for biomedical applications. In addition to the conventional photoresists, the distinctive properties of customized stimulus-responsive photoresists are discussed. Finally, current limitations and challenges in the material and fabrication aspects and an outlook for future prospects of TPP for biomedical applications based on different biocompatible photosensitive composites are discussed comprehensively. In all, this review provides a basic understanding of TPP technology and important roles of PIs and photoresists for fabricating high-precision stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for a wide range of biomedical applications.

Three-dimensional sub-wavelength fabrication by integration of additive and subtractive femtosecond-laser direct writing

2013 ◽  
Vol 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Yunshen Zhou ◽  
Xiangnan He ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Masoud Mahjouri-Samani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Nano Fabrication ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Micro Fluidics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Device Structures ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

ABSTRACTAdditive nanofabrication by two-photon polymerization (TPP) has recently drawn increased attention due to its sub-100 nm resolution and truly three-dimensional (3D) structuring capability. However, besides additive processes, subtractive process is also demanded for many 3D fabrications. Method possessing both additive and subtractive fabrication capabilities was rarely reported. In this study, we developed a complementary 3D micro/nano-fabrication process by integrating both additive two-photon polymerization (TPP) and subtractive multi-photon ablation (MPA) into a single platform of femtosecond-laser direct writing process. Functional device structures were successfully fabricated including: polymer fiber Bragg gratings containing periodic holes of 500-nm diameter and 3D micro-fluidic systems containing arrays of channels of 1-µm diameter. The integration of TPP and MPA processes enhances the nanofabrication efficiency and enables the fabrication of complex 3D micro/nano-structures that are impractical to produce by either TPP or MPA alone, which is promising for a wide range of applications including integrated optics, metamaterials, MEMS, and micro-fluidics.

3D hydrogels with high resolution fabricated by two-photon polymerization with sensitive water soluble initiators

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (43) ◽  
pp. 8486-8491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Xing ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Song ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

Hydrogels with precise 3D configuration are crucial for biomedical applications, which demand for the improvement of the spatial resolution on both the microscopic and the nanometric scale.

Three-dimensional microstructure doped with water soluble graphene fabricated by laser pulse two-photon polymerization

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006006
Author(s):  
顾银炜 Gu Yinwei ◽  
陈 达 Chen Da ◽  
李久荣 Li Jiurong ◽  
董建峰 Dong Jianfeng ◽  
王 琴 Wang Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

Acoustic Field-Assisted Two-Photon Polymerization Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketki M. Lichade ◽  
Yayue Pan
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Acoustic Field ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

Abstract This study successfully integrates acoustic patterning with the Two-Photon Polymerization (TPP) process for printing nanoparticle–polymer composite microstructures with spatially varied nanoparticle compositions. Currently, the TPP process is gaining increasing attention within the engineering community for the direct manufacturing of complex three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. Yet the full potential of TPP manufactured microstructures is limited by the materials used. This study aims to create and demonstrate a novel acoustic field-assisted TPP (A-TPP) process, which can instantaneously pattern and assemble nanoparticles in a liquid droplet, and fabricate anisotropic nanoparticle–polymer composites with spatially controlled particle–polymer material compositions. It was found that the biggest challenge in integrating acoustic particle patterning with the TPP process is that nanoparticles move upon laser irradiation due to the photothermal effect, and hence, the acoustic assembly is distorted during the photopolymerization process. To cure acoustic assembly of nanoparticles in the resin through TPP with the desired nanoparticle patterns, the laser power needs to be carefully tuned so that it is adequate for curing while low enough to prevent the photothermal effect. To address this challenge, this study investigated the threshold laser power for polymerization of TPP resin (Pthr) and photothermal instability of the nanoparticle (Pthp). Patterned nanoparticle–polymer composite microstructures were fabricated using the novel A-TPP process. Experimental results validated the feasibility of the developed acoustic field-assisted TPP process on printing anisotropic composites with spatially controlled material compositions.

scholarly journals Rapid Fabrication of Continuous Surface Fresnel Microlens Array by Femtosecond Laser Focal Field Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyu Yan ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Qihuang Gong ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Lens Array ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Rapid Fabrication ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

Femtosecond laser direct writing through two-photon polymerization has been widely used in precision fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures but is usually time consuming. In this article, we report the rapid fabrication of continuous surface Fresnel lens array through femtosecond laser three-dimensional focal field engineering. Each Fresnel lens is formed by continuous two-photon polymerization of the two-dimensional slices of the whole structure with one-dimensional scan of the corresponding two-dimensional engineered intensity distribution. Moreover, we anneal the lens array to improve its focusing and imaging performance.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Cell Growth on Structures Fabricated from ORMOCER® by Two-Photon Polymerization Technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Schlie ◽  
Anaclet Ngezahayo ◽  
Aleksandr Ovsianikov ◽  
Tilman Fabian ◽  
Hans-Albert Kolb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Dimensional Cell ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

An Exhaustive Analysis of the Characterization of Photopolymer Material (SZ2080) by Two-Photon Polymerization, Waves Moving in a Periodic Potential, and Two-Photon Absorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 1003 ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Walia ◽  
Kamal Nain Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Polymerization Waves ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

This paper presents an Exhaustive Analysis of the Characterization of Photopolymer Material (SZ2080) by Two-Photon Polymerization, and some of the modern concepts like Characterization of Photonic Crystals in Photopolymer SZ2080 by Two-Photon Polymerization, Waves Moving in a Periodic Potential, and Optical Quantum metamaterials. Two-photon polymerization for fabricating three-dimensional subdiffraction-limited structures has been discussed. Experimental and Computed Curves of line thickness (nm) vs feed rate (μm/s) have been technically analyzed. Waves moving in a Periodic Potential and Photonic Crystals have been technically discussed. In addition, Optical Quantum metamaterials have been discussed in terms of quantum coherence, and quantum dots with emphasis on cavity array metamaterial.

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