Discovery of the element with atomic number Z = 118 completing the 7th row of the periodic table (IUPAC Technical Report)

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Karol ◽  
Robert C. Barber ◽  
Bradley M. Sherrill ◽  
Emanuele Vardaci ◽  
Toshimitsu Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Technical Report

AbstractThe fourth IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) on the priority of claims to the discovery of new elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 has reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to several claims. In accordance with the criteria for the discovery of elements previously established by the 1991 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG), and reinforced in subsequent IUPAC/IUPAP JWP discussions, it was determined that the Dubna-Livermore collaboration has fulfilled those criteria for element Z=118. A synopsis of experiments and related efforts is presented.

scholarly journals Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report)

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1331-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Barber ◽  
Heinz W. Gäggeler ◽  
Paul J. Karol ◽  
Hiromichi Nakahara ◽  
Emanuele Vardaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Technical Report

The IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) on the priority of claims to the discovery of new elements has reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to several claims. In accordance with the criteria for the discovery of elements previously established by the 1992 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG), and reiterated by the 1999 and 2003 IUPAC/IUPAP JWPs, it was determined that the 1996 and 2002 claims by the Hofmann et al. research collaborations for the discovery of the element with atomic number 112 at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) share in the fulfillment of those criteria. A synopsis of Z = 112 experiments and related efforts is presented. A subsequent report will address identification of higher-Z elements including those of odd atomic number.

On the discovery of the elements 110-112 (IUPAC Technical Report)

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Karol ◽  
H. Nakahara ◽  
B. W. Petley ◽  
E. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Technical Report

The IUPAC/IUPAP joint working party on the priority of claims to the discovery of elements 110, 111, and 112 has reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to the several claims. In accordance with the criteria for the discovery of elements, previously established by the 1992 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group, it was determined that the claim by the Hofmann et al. research collaboration for the discovery of element 110 at GSI has fulfilled those criteria. For elements 111 and 112, the collaboration of Hofmann et al. produced high-quality data with plausible interpretations, but confirmation by further results is needed to assign priority of discovery for these elements. The working party was not convinced that claims of other collaborations have satisfied the discovery criteria.

On the Claims for Discovery of Elements 110, 111, 112, 114, 116, and 118 (IUPAC Technical Report)

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1601-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Karol ◽  
H. Nakahara ◽  
B. W. Petley ◽  
E. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Technical Report

The IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party on the priority of claims to the discovery of new elements has reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to several claims. In accordance with the criteria for the discovery of elements, previously established by the 1992 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group, and reinforced by the 1999 IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party, it was determined that the claim by the Hofmann et al. research collaboration for the discovery of element 111 at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) has fulfilled those criteria. For elements 112, 114, and 116, the collaborations of Hofmann et al. and of Oganessian et al. produced high-quality data with plausible interpretations. However, confirmation by further results is needed to assign priority of discovery for these elements. The working party was not persuaded that other collaborations have satisfied the discovery criteria.

Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 113 (IUPAC Technical Report)

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1485-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Barber ◽  
Paul J. Karol ◽  
Hiromichi Nakahara ◽  
Emanuele Vardaci ◽  
Erich W. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Technical Report

The IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) on the priority of claims to the discovery of new elements 113–116 and 118 has reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to several claims. In accordance with the criteria for the discovery of elements previously established by the 1992 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG), and reinforced in subsequent IUPAC/IUPAP JWP discussions, it was determined that the Dubna-Livermore collaborations share in the fulfillment of those criteria both for elements Z = 114 and 116. A synopsis of experiments and related efforts is presented.

Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers Z = 113, 115 and 117 (IUPAC Technical Report)

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Karol ◽  
Robert C. Barber ◽  
Bradley M. Sherrill ◽  
Emanuele Vardaci ◽  
Toshimitsu Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Technical Report

AbstractThe fourth IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) on the priority of claims to the discovery of new elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 has reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to several claims. In accordance with the Criteria for the discovery of elements previously established by the 1991 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG), and reinforced in subsequent IUPAC/IUPAP JWP discussions, it was determined that the RIKEN collaboration has fulfilled those Criteria for element Z=113. The Dubna–Livermore–Oak Ridge collaborations claims for 115 and 117 are also in compliance. The discussion of element Z=118 will appear in a subsequent report. A synopsis of experiments and related efforts is presented along with some commentary guiding future applications of the Criteria.

Terminology of the transuranium elements

Terminology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn T. Seaborg
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Transuranium Elements ◽  
Six Elements

Beginning in 1940, the Periodic Table of the Elements has been expanded by nearly 20% through the synthesis and identification of the seventeen elements beyond uranium (atomic number 92). Since the discoverers have the duty and right to propose names, this has been done for each of these elements. These proposed names have been endorsed by IUPAC for the first eleven of these elements (atomic numbers 93-103, inclusive), and thus these can be considered to be the official names for these eleven elements. Official names for the next six elements (104—109) await sanction by IUPAC. Of these six elements, the name for element 104 remains under dispute, the name for element 105 seems to be generally acceptable, and the privilege of naming elements 106-109 has been assigned to designated teams of investigators on the basis of an investigation by an adjudicatory body, the Transfermium Working Group appointed by IUPAP and IUPAC.

scholarly journals DIVISION XII / COMMISSION 14 / WORKING GROUP ATOMIC DATA

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (T27A) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
Gillian Nave ◽  
Glenn M. Wahlgren ◽  
Jeffrey R. Fuhr
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Atomic Data ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Line Structure ◽  
Original Laboratory ◽  
On Line

The references cited in this section are mostly papers on original laboratory research; compilations and data bases are covered in another section. The references, ordered by atomic number and spectrum, are given in parentheses following the spectral notations. References including experimental data on line structure, hyperfine structure (HFS) or isotope structure (IS) are also included.

scholarly journals The Pediatrics Milestones: Conceptual Framework, Guiding Principles, and Approach to Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Hicks ◽  
Daniel J. Schumacher ◽  
Bradley J. Benson ◽  
Ann E. Burke ◽  
Robert Englander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Good Doctor ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Rigorous Study

Abstract Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) have partnered to initiate the Pediatrics Milestone Project to further refine the 6 ACGME competencies and to set performance standards as part of the continued commitment to document outcomes of training and program effectiveness. Intervention Members of the Pediatrics Milestone Project Working Group searched the medical literature and beyond to create a synopsis of models and evidence for a developmental ontogeny of the elements for 52 subcompetencies. For each subcompetency, we created a series of Milestones, grounded in the literature. The milestones were vetted with the entire working group, engaging in an iterative process of revisions until reaching consensus that their narrative descriptions (1) included all critical elements, (2) were behaviorally based, (3) were properly sequenced, and (4) represented the educational continuum of training and practice. Outcomes We have completed the first iteration of milestones for all subcompetencies. For each milestone, a synopsis of relevant literature provides background, references, and a conceptual framework. These milestones provide narrative descriptions of behaviors that represent the ontogeny of knowledge, skill, and attitude development across the educational continuum of training and practice. Discussion The pediatrics milestones take us a step closer to meaningful outcome assessment. Next steps include undertaking rigorous study, making appropriate modifications, and setting performance standards. Our aim is to assist program directors in making more reliable and valid judgments as to whether a resident is a “good doctor” and to provide outcome evidence regarding the program's success in developing doctors.

scholarly journals On the discovery of new elements (IUPAC/IUPAP Provisional Report)

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1773-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd Hofmann ◽  
Sergey N. Dmitriev ◽  
Claes Fahlander ◽  
Jacklyn M. Gates ◽  
James B. Roberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Joint Working Group ◽  
One Year

AbstractAlmost thirty years ago the criteria that are currently used to verify claims for the discovery of a new element were set down by the comprehensive work of a Transfermium Working Group, TWG, jointly established by IUPAC and IUPAP. The recent completion of the naming of the 118 elements in the first seven periods of the Periodic Table of the Elements was considered as an opportunity for a review of these criteria in the light of the experimental and theoretical advances in the field. In late 2016 the Unions decided to establish a new Joint Working Group, JWG, consisting of six members determined by the Unions. A first meeting of the JWG was in May 2017. One year later this report was finished. In a first part the works and conclusions of the TWG and the Joint Working Parties, JWP, deciding on the discovery of the now named elements are summarized. Possible experimental developments for production and identification of new elements beyond the presently known ones are estimated. Criteria and guidelines for establishing priority of discovery of these potential new elements are presented. Special emphasis is given to a description for the application of the criteria and the limits for their applicability.

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