Terminology of the transuranium elements

Terminology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn T. Seaborg
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Transuranium Elements ◽  
Six Elements

Beginning in 1940, the Periodic Table of the Elements has been expanded by nearly 20% through the synthesis and identification of the seventeen elements beyond uranium (atomic number 92). Since the discoverers have the duty and right to propose names, this has been done for each of these elements. These proposed names have been endorsed by IUPAC for the first eleven of these elements (atomic numbers 93-103, inclusive), and thus these can be considered to be the official names for these eleven elements. Official names for the next six elements (104—109) await sanction by IUPAC. Of these six elements, the name for element 104 remains under dispute, the name for element 105 seems to be generally acceptable, and the privilege of naming elements 106-109 has been assigned to designated teams of investigators on the basis of an investigation by an adjudicatory body, the Transfermium Working Group appointed by IUPAP and IUPAC.

Discovery of the element with atomic number Z = 118 completing the 7th row of the periodic table (IUPAC Technical Report)

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Karol ◽  
Robert C. Barber ◽  
Bradley M. Sherrill ◽  
Emanuele Vardaci ◽  
Toshimitsu Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Technical Report

AbstractThe fourth IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) on the priority of claims to the discovery of new elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 has reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to several claims. In accordance with the criteria for the discovery of elements previously established by the 1991 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG), and reinforced in subsequent IUPAC/IUPAP JWP discussions, it was determined that the Dubna-Livermore collaboration has fulfilled those criteria for element Z=118. A synopsis of experiments and related efforts is presented.

scholarly journals DIVISION XII / COMMISSION 14 / WORKING GROUP ATOMIC DATA

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (T27A) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
Gillian Nave ◽  
Glenn M. Wahlgren ◽  
Jeffrey R. Fuhr
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Atomic Data ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Line Structure ◽  
Original Laboratory ◽  
On Line

The references cited in this section are mostly papers on original laboratory research; compilations and data bases are covered in another section. The references, ordered by atomic number and spectrum, are given in parentheses following the spectral notations. References including experimental data on line structure, hyperfine structure (HFS) or isotope structure (IS) are also included.

scholarly journals On the discovery of new elements (IUPAC/IUPAP Provisional Report)

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1773-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd Hofmann ◽  
Sergey N. Dmitriev ◽  
Claes Fahlander ◽  
Jacklyn M. Gates ◽  
James B. Roberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Joint Working Group ◽  
One Year

AbstractAlmost thirty years ago the criteria that are currently used to verify claims for the discovery of a new element were set down by the comprehensive work of a Transfermium Working Group, TWG, jointly established by IUPAC and IUPAP. The recent completion of the naming of the 118 elements in the first seven periods of the Periodic Table of the Elements was considered as an opportunity for a review of these criteria in the light of the experimental and theoretical advances in the field. In late 2016 the Unions decided to establish a new Joint Working Group, JWG, consisting of six members determined by the Unions. A first meeting of the JWG was in May 2017. One year later this report was finished. In a first part the works and conclusions of the TWG and the Joint Working Parties, JWP, deciding on the discovery of the now named elements are summarized. Possible experimental developments for production and identification of new elements beyond the presently known ones are estimated. Criteria and guidelines for establishing priority of discovery of these potential new elements are presented. Special emphasis is given to a description for the application of the criteria and the limits for their applicability.

The Seven Last Infra-Uranium Elements to Be Discovered

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Scerri
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Transuranium Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Missing Element

The term “infra-uranium,” meaning before uranium, is one that I have proposed by contrast to the better-known term transuranium elements that are discussed in the following chapter. The present chapter concerns the last seven elements that formed the missing gaps in the old periodic table that ended with the element uranium. After Moseley developed his X-ray method, it became clear that there were just seven elements yet to be isolated among the 92 naturally occurring elements or hydrogen (#1) to uranium (#92). This apparent simplicity is somewhat spoiled by the fact that, as it turned out, some of these seven elements were first isolated from natural sources following their being artificially created, but this raises more issues that are best left to the next chapter of this book. The fact remains that five of these seven elements are radioactive, the two exceptions being hafnium and rhenium, the second and third of them to be isolated. The first of the seven final infra-uranium elements to be discovered was protactinium, and it was one of the lesser-known predictions made by Mendeleev. In his famous 1896 paper, Mendeleev indicated incorrect values for both thorium (118) and uranium (116). (See figure 1.6.) A couple of years later, he corrected both of these values and showed a missing element between thorium and uranium (figure 4.4). In doing so, Mendeleev added the following paragraph, in which he made some specific predictions. . . . Between thorium and uranium in this series we can further expect an element with an atomic weight of about 235. This element should form a highest oxide R2O5, like Nb and Ta to which it should be analogous. Perhaps in the minerals which contain these elements a certain amount of weak acid formed from this metal will also be found.. . . The modern atomic weight for eka-tantalum or protactinium is 229.2. The apparent inaccuracy in Mendeleev’s prediction is not too surprising, however, since he never knew that protactinium is a member of only four “pair reversals” in the entire periodic table.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHARACTER AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF THE POTASSIUM ION

1920 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Behavior ◽  
Physiological Action ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Chemical Character ◽  
Cs Ions ◽  
Salt Action

1. It is shown that the NH4 ion acts in cases of antagonism on the egg of Fundulus more like the K ion than the Na ion; this corresponds to the fact that in its general chemical behavior the NH4 ion resembles the K ion more closely than the Na ion. 2. It is shown that the tolerance of sea urchin eggs towards the Li ion can be increased 500 per cent or more if at the same time a certain amount of Na ion is replaced by K, Rb, or Cs ions. Since in the periodic table Na occupies a position between K and Li it is inferred that the Li and K ions deviate in their physiological action in the opposite direction from the Na ion. 3. These data indicate that the behavior of the K ion in antagonistic salt action (which forms the basis of the physiologically balanced action of ions) is due to its purely chemical character, i.e. its position in the periodic table or rather to its atomic number, and not to those explosions in its nucleus which give rise to a trace of radioactivity.

Discovery of the Element With Atomic Number Z = 118 Completing the 7th Row of the Periodic Table

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Karol ◽  
Robert C. Barber ◽  
Bradley M. Sherrill ◽  
Emanuele Vardaci ◽  
Toshimitsu Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Periodic Table
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