scholarly journals On the equations of electrodynamics in a flat or curved spacetime and a possible interaction energy

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayeul Arminjon
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Energy Tensor ◽  
Differential Identities ◽  
Weak Gravitational Field ◽  
Equations Of Electrodynamics ◽  
Interaction Tensor ◽  
Charged Medium ◽  
Preferred Reference Frame

AbstractIn this paper the independent equations of continuum electrodynamics and their quantity are investigated, beginning with the standard equations used in special and general relativity. Using differential identities it is checked that there are as many independent equations as there are unknowns, for the case with given sources as well as for the general case where the motion of the charged medium producing the field is unknown. This problem is then discussed in an alternative theory of gravity with a preferred reference frame, in order to constrain an additional, “interaction” energy tensor that has to be postulated in this theory, and that would be present also outside usual matter. In order that the interaction tensor be Lorentz-invariant in special relativity, it has to depend only on a scalar fieldp. Since the system of electrodynamics is closed in the absence of the interaction tensor, just one scalar equation more is needed to close it again in the presence ofp. That equation is taken to be the equation for charge conservation. Finally, the equations that allow the determination of fieldpare derived in a given weak gravitational field and in a given electromagnetic field.

scholarly journals Charge conservation in a gravitational field in the scalar ether theory

Open Physics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 877-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayeul Arminjon
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Energy Tensor ◽  
Theoretical Reason ◽  
Scalar Theory ◽  
Charge Conservation ◽  
Ether Theory ◽  
Interaction Tensor ◽  
Preferred Reference Frame

AbstractA modification of the Maxwell equations due to the presence of a gravitational field was formerly proposed for a scalar theory with a preferred reference frame. With this modification, the electric charge is not conserved. The aim of the present work was to numerically assess the amount of charge production or destruction. We propose an asymptotic scheme for the electromagnetic field in a weak and slowly varying gravitational field. This scheme is valid independently of the theory and the “gravitationally-modified” Maxwell equations. Then we apply this scheme to plane waves and to a group of Hertzian dipoles in the scalar ether theory. The predicted amounts of charge production/destruction discard the formerly proposed gravitationally-modified Maxwell equations. The theoretical reason for that is the assumption that the total energy tensor is the sum of the energy tensor of the medium producing the electromagnetic (e.m.) field and the e.m. energy tensor. This means that an additional, “interaction” tensor has to be present. With this assumption, the standard Maxwell equations in a curved spacetime, which predict charge conservation, are compatible with the investigated theory. We find that the interaction energy might contribute to the dark matter.

The Power of Spectroscopic Methods in the Determination of the Relative Orientation of Guest Molecules in a Stretched Polyethylene (PE) Matrix

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Konwerska-Hrabowska
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Relative Orientation ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Spectroscopic Measurements ◽  
Host Molecules

Comparison of values for the relative orientation of pyrene guest molecules and PE host macromolecules obtained by spectroscopic measurements and by calculations of the minimum of the interaction energy between the guest and host molecules is presented. Accordance between both results as well as with the Groszek model is found.

Interaction Energy in a Suspension of Gypsum and Dispersed Limestone

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Inna V. Kolesnikova ◽  
Aikhyn A. Kurmankozhayeva ◽  
Aliya S. Azhibekova
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Thermal Motion ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Mineral Suspension

The article describes results of the determination of the interaction energy between particles of a hydrating binder and filler, a solution and base. It was found that in the case of particles having a diameter of 17 μm, a mineral suspension should be practically stable, since the energy barrier is much higher than the thermal motion energy of the particles and is 166 kT (100% gypsum), 125 kT (100% CaCO3), 63 kT (gypsum-filler 90:10), and 41kT (gypsum-filler 80:20). A further increase in the amount of CaCO3 particles leads to a significant reduction in the barrier, which at the gypsum-to-filler ratio of 70:30 is 6 kT, and at the ratio of 50:50 completely disappears. In the interaction of the smallest particles (5 μm), the energy barrier values are: 44 kT (100% gypsum), 28 kT (100% CaCO3), 18 kT (gypsum-filler 90:10), 7 kT (80:20) and 2 kT (70:30). With the component ratio of 50:50, the energy barrier completely disappears, and the particles become denser in the first potential well.

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