Evolution of the Cosmos and Concept of Time

This article presents a new theory for the evolution of the cosmos and time. This is based on the concept of String Theory and had tried to explain the whole phenomena from the quantum level. This has also references from the mass energy equivalence theory and ether theory and so is able to explain the whole phenomena from the very beginning. It is thought that this theory can explain the evolution of cosmos and time from a completely new but more acceptable perspective.

Consistency of the Ether Theory with the Time Concept, the Mass Concept and the Special Relativity

We demonstrate that it is by considering the existence of an “ether” that one can define the notions of time, velocity and mass, and prove that Einstein’s second principle implies the existence of this ether since the light propagates independently of its emitter velocity. Then, that the particle velocity is a group velocity different from the phase velocity when the particle is massive. One interprets then the Morley-Michelson experiment in the frame of the ether. Let be L0  a fixed distance between two points immobile in a long vehicle in the ether, and let a photon that, when this vehicle is immobile relatively to the ether, travels the distance L0  in this vehicle. An observer immobile in the immobile vehicle sees that the distance traveled by the photon is also L0 . But, if the vehicle moves, e.g., at the velocity V  relatively to the ether, and the photon at the velocity c  also relatively to the ether, then an observer immobile in the moving vehicle will find that the distance traveled by this photon is not L0  but is L(V)  defined by L(V)=L(0)1-V/c2 ). We prove then that L(V)  is not the new dimension of the vehicle, but is simply the distance travelled by the photon in this vehicle. That is, as demonstrated in our previous publications: the ether volumetric density is constant.

Relativistic Completion of Schrodinger’s Quantum Mechanics by the Ether Theory

One recalls that we have shown in our precedent publications that the ether is an elastic isotropic medium. One presents the exact equation and its non-relativistic approximation that govern the ether in presence of a Schwarzschild-Coulomb field to which is submitted a Par(m,e)  (particle of mass m  and of electric charge e ). We present the exact relativistic solution of this exact equation in the circular case. We prove that the Schrödinger equation is such a non-relativistic approximation, that is, is a particular case of the ether elasticity theory. One recalls that the Schrödinger equation was obtained by the use of operators and not from the theory of elasticity. It follows that this manner of obtaining this equation from operators is arbitrary and does not permit to obtain its complete relativistic form, but permits to reach absurd conclusions as, e.g., the cat that, at the same moment, is alive and dead. One shows then that other results ensuing from the Schrödinger equation are particular cases of the non-relativistic equation that governs the elastic ether, like for example: the Bohr-Sommerfeld condition, and the eigenstates function equation.

Motion of a Test Particle According to the Scalar Ether Theory of Gravitation and Application to its Celestial Mechanics

The standard interpretations of special relativity (Einstein–Minkowski) and general relativity (GR) lead to a drastically changed notion of time: the eternalism or block universe theory. This has strong consequences for our thinking about time and for the development of new fundamental theories. It is therefore important to check this thoroughly. The Lorentz–Poincaré interpretation, which sees the relativistic effects as following from a “true” Lorentz contraction of all objects in their motion through the ether, uses a conservative concept of time and is in the absence of gravitation indistinguishable from the standard interpretation; but there exists currently no accepted gravitation theory for it. The scalar ether theory of gravitation is a candidate for such a theory; it is presented and discussed. The equations of motion for a test particle are derived; the case of a uniformly moving massive body is discussed and then specialized to the case of spherical symmetry. Formulas for the acceleration of test particles are given in the preferred frame of the ether and in the rest frame of the massive body that moves with velocityVwith respect to the ether. When the body rests in the ether (V=0), the acceleration is up to orderc−2identical to GR. The acceleration of a test particle forV≠0is given; this makes it possible to fit observations in celestial mechanics to ephemerides withVas a free parameter. The current status of such fits (although to ephemerides and not to observations) is presented and discussed.

The Existence of Stable Electron Trajectories in the Atom Proved by the Ether Theory

The electron on a trajectory around a nucleus radiates energy since it is accelerated and, following the classical theories of physics, should fall on the nucleus. But since it does not fall, it exists a cause, not taken into account by these theories, that prevents it from this fall. Indeed, in our precedent publications we showed that the fields and the particles are changes in a specific elastic medium called "ether". In particular, that a particle is a globule called “single-particle wave” that vibrates in the ether and is denoted . This that moves at the velocity V of the particle, contains all the parameters relative to it, and modulates the amplitude of the superposition of a wave called “phase-wave”, denoted , (and not ) of phase velocity V_p . In the present paper, one considers that the electron moves on a circle of circumference C, under the attraction of a nucleus. is then present simultaneously several times, e.g., N times, at each point of this circle, that is, in , which is influenced by these N superpositions, due to the fact that interferes with itself at each round. It appears then the two possible cases: the resonant and the nonresonant.In the resonant case, C contains an integer number of wave lengths of that therefore superposes itself at each round in a constructive addition, and creates a relatively large , i.e., of a relatively large energy. The electron that radiates then only a limited percentage of its large energy, does not fall on the nucleus.In the nonresonant case, C contains a non-integer number of , then superposes itself at each round in a destructive addition, and creates a much smaller , i.e., of much smaller energy. The electron that radiates then almost the same energy as in the resonant case, loses in fact a much larger percentage of its energy than in the resonant case, cannot remain in this state.

Charge conservation in a gravitational field in the scalar ether theory

A modification of the Maxwell equations due to the presence of a gravitational field was formerly proposed for a scalar theory with a preferred reference frame. With this modification, the electric charge is not conserved. The aim of the present work was to numerically assess the amount of charge production or destruction. We propose an asymptotic scheme for the electromagnetic field in a weak and slowly varying gravitational field. This scheme is valid independently of the theory and the “gravitationally-modified” Maxwell equations. Then we apply this scheme to plane waves and to a group of Hertzian dipoles in the scalar ether theory. The predicted amounts of charge production/destruction discard the formerly proposed gravitationally-modified Maxwell equations. The theoretical reason for that is the assumption that the total energy tensor is the sum of the energy tensor of the medium producing the electromagnetic (e.m.) field and the e.m. energy tensor. This means that an additional, “interaction” tensor has to be present. With this assumption, the standard Maxwell equations in a curved spacetime, which predict charge conservation, are compatible with the investigated theory. We find that the interaction energy might contribute to the dark matter.

The Ether Theory Unifying the Relativistic Gravito-Electromagnetism Including also the Gravitons and the Gravitational Waves

In previous publications, we showed that Maxwell’s equations are an approximation to those of General Relativity when V<<c, where V is the velocity of the particle submitted to the electromagnetic field. This was demonstrated by showing that the Lienard-Wiechert potential four-vector A_u created by an electric charge is the equivalent of the gravitational four-vector G_u created by a massive neutral point when V<<c. In the present paper, we generalize these results for V non-restricted to be small. To this purpose, we show first that the exact Lagrange-Einstein function of an electric charge q submitted to the field due an immobile charge q_0 is of the same form as that of a particle of mass m submitted to the field created by an immobile particle of mass m_0. Maxwell’s electrostatics is then generalized as a case of the Einstein’s general relativity. In particular, it appears that an immobile q_0 creates also an electromagnetic horizon that behaves like a Schwarzschild horizon. Then, there exist ether gravitational waves constituted by gravitons in the same way as the electromagnetic waves are constituted by photons. Now, since A_u and G_u, are equivalent, and as we show, G_u produces the approximation, for V<<c, of g_u4 created by m_0 mobile, where the g_uv are the components of Einstein’s fundamental tensor, it follows that A_u+u_u produces the approximation, for V<<c, of Bet_u4 , where the Bet_uv created by m_0 and by q_0, generalize the g_uv.

Generalization of the Particle Spin as it Ensues from the Ether Theory

In previous papers we generalized the ether waves associated to photons, to waves generally denoted , associated to Par(m,e)s, (particles of mass m and electric charge e), and demonstrated that a Par(m,e)s is a superposition of such waves that forms a small globule moving with the velocity of this . That, at a point near to a moving , the ether velocity , i.e., the magnetic field H, is of the same form as that of a point of a rotating solid. This is the spin of the Par(m,e)s, in particular, of the electron. Then, we considered the case where e=0 and showed that the perturbation caused by the motion of a Par(m,e)s is also propagated in the ether, and is a propagating gravitational field such that the Newton approximation (NA) is a tensor Guobtained by applying the Lorenz transformation for Vm,o on the NA of the static gravitational potential of forces Gu,s. It appeared that Gu is also of the form of a Lienard-Wiechert potential tensor Au created by an electric charge.<br />In the present paper, we generalized the above results regarding the spin by showing that the ether elasticity theory implies also that like the electron, the massive neutral particle possesses a spin but much smaller than that of the electron, and that the photon can possess also a spin, when for example it is circularly polarized. In fact, we show that the spin associated to a particle is a vortex in ether which in closed trajectories will take only quantized values.<br /><br />