An Analogy of a Network to an Electro Hydrodynamic Fluid Flow to Analyze the Energy Required for Transmitting a Packet in a Network Susceptible to Multiple Failures

Computer networks have become pervasive to human life and now, people are inseparable from connectivity. The world’s networking communities have been constantly raising the bar of standards to provide the best possible service to their users. Every packet drop is treated as a blunder and a game ender by the companies. Standards lead to organizations that govern the service rules and policies, penalize the companies heavily if packets are lost, connections are severed midconversation. This makes the companies spare no expense into developing smarter and faster rerouting methods, packet retransmission protocols. The observation of these systems leads to believe that the system is modeled after an electro hydro dynamic fluid flow through a charged medium. In this paper the analogy and the analysis of the energy spent for rerouting packets in case of node failure, is presented in its complete mathematical form.

On the equations of electrodynamics in a flat or curved spacetime and a possible interaction energy

In this paper the independent equations of continuum electrodynamics and their quantity are investigated, beginning with the standard equations used in special and general relativity. Using differential identities it is checked that there are as many independent equations as there are unknowns, for the case with given sources as well as for the general case where the motion of the charged medium producing the field is unknown. This problem is then discussed in an alternative theory of gravity with a preferred reference frame, in order to constrain an additional, “interaction” energy tensor that has to be postulated in this theory, and that would be present also outside usual matter. In order that the interaction tensor be Lorentz-invariant in special relativity, it has to depend only on a scalar fieldp. Since the system of electrodynamics is closed in the absence of the interaction tensor, just one scalar equation more is needed to close it again in the presence ofp. That equation is taken to be the equation for charge conservation. Finally, the equations that allow the determination of fieldpare derived in a given weak gravitational field and in a given electromagnetic field.

Propagation of an electromagnetic soliton in a ferromagnetic medium

We study the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) in both isotropic and anisotropic ferromagnetic material media. As the EMW propagates through linear charge-free isotropic and anisotropic ferromagnetic media, it is found that the magnetic field and the magnetic induction components of the EMW and the magnetization excitations of the medium are in the form of solitons. However, the electromagnetic soliton gets damped and decelerates in the case of a charged medium. In the case of a charge-free nonlinear ferromagnetic medium we obtain results similar to those for the linear case.