scalar theory
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2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Qiu

AbstractWe investigate a slowly rotating black hole solution in a novel Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory, which is prompted by the classification of general Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory. The gyromagnetic ratio of this black hole is calculated, and it increases as the second free parameter $$\beta $$ β increases, but decreases with the increasing parameter $$\gamma \equiv \frac{2 \alpha ^{2}}{1+\alpha ^2}$$ γ ≡ 2 α 2 1 + α 2 . In the Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton (EMD) theory, the parameter $$\beta $$ β vanishes but the free parameter $$\alpha $$ α governing the strength of the coupling between the dilaton and the Maxwell field remains. The gyromagnetic ratio is always less than 2, the well-known value for a Kerr–Newman (KN) black hole as well as for a Dirac electron. Scalar hairs reduce the magnetic dipole moment in dilaton theory, resulting in a drop in the gyromagnetic ratio. However, we find that the gyromagnetic ratio of two can be realized in this Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory by increasing $$\beta $$ β and the charge-to-mass ratio Q/M simultaneously (recall that the gyromagnetic ratio of KN black holes is independent of Q/M). The same situation also applies to the angular velocity of a locally non-rotating observer. Moreover, we analyze the period correction for circular orbits in terms of charge-to-mass ratio, as well as the correction of the radius of the innermost stable circular orbits. It is found the correction increases with $$\beta $$ β but decreases with Q/M. Finally, the total radiative efficiency is investigated, and it can vanish once the effect of rotation is considered.


Author(s):  
Mojmír Dočekal ◽  
Lucia Vlášková

Abstract The telicity behavior of degree achievements has been a puzzling problem to many linguists. The most successful and currently standard theory (Kennedy & Levin 2008) treats them as degree expressions lexicalizing different types of scales, which in turn influence the resulting evaluative or non-evaluative interpretation. While it may account for English, this theory does not hold up cross-linguistically. We challenge the scalar theory with new Slavic data and show that verbal prefixes influence the (non-)evaluative interpretation of degree achievements more than their underlying scales do. This proposal is formalised as an addition of two type shifters, morphosyntactically realised as prefixes, which, in result, have an evaluative/non-evaluative effect on the given degree achievement.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Zhou

Abstract We generalize the unifying relations for tree amplitudes to the 1-loop Feynman integrands. By employing the 1-loop CHY formula, we construct differential operators which transmute the 1-loop gravitational Feynman integrand to Feynman integrands for a wide range of theories, including Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, Einstein-Maxwell theory, pure Yang-Mills theory, Yang-Mills-scalar theory, Born-Infeld theory, Dirac-Born-Infeld theory, bi-adjoint scalar theory, non-linear sigma model, as well as special Galileon theory. The unified web at 1-loop level is established. Under the well known unitarity cut, the 1-loop level operators will factorize into two tree level operators. Such factorization is also discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Hong-Da Lyu ◽  
Avinash Raju

Abstract We study the behavior of black hole singularities across the Hawking-Page phase transitions, uncovering possible connections between the physics inside and outside the horizon. We focus on the case of spacelike singularities in Einstein-scalar theory which are of the Kasner form. We find that the Kasner exponents are continuous and non-differentiable during the second order phase transitions, while discontinuous in the first order phase transitions. We give some arguments on the universality of this behavior. We also discuss possible observables in the dual field theory which encode the Kasner exponents.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hodge

The Special Theory of Relativity applies where gravitation is insignificant. There are many observations that remain poorly explained by the standard models of either the big of cosmology or the small of Quantum mechanics. The strength of the Scalar Theory Of Everything (STOE) is its ability to describe an extremely wide range of observations and to predict observations. Each of the STOE axioms has been used in the development of models of observations in the big and the small. The axioms that replace Special Relativity are: (1) Time is an abstraction of the duration between events causing events. (2) The diameter of the hods is the same throughout the universe. (3) The distance between hods is related to plenum density. Higher reduces the distance between hods. (4) The speed of photons and hods (light) is the greatest of any matter in a given environment. (5) The speed of the plenum wave is much faster than the speed of the hods. The STOE passes the tests of Special Relativity and does much more. The STOE is a major paradigm shift.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 28954
Author(s):  
Malong Fu ◽  
Yang Zhao

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo O. Heymans ◽  
Marcus Benghi Pinto

Abstract We apply the optimized perturbation theory (OPT) to resum the perturbative series describing the mass gap of the bidimensional ϕ4 theory in the ℤ2 symmetric phase. Already at NLO (one loop) the method is capable of generating a quite reasonable non-perturbative result for the critical coupling. At order-g7 we obtain gc = 2.779(25) which compares very well with the state of the art N8LO result, gc = 2.807(34). As a novelty we investigate the supercritical region showing that it contains some useful complimentary information that can be used in extrapolations to arbitrarily high orders.


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