Possibilities and limitations of pXRF as a tool for analysing ancient pottery: a case study of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age pottery (1100–600 BC) from the northern Black Sea region

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-266
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Daszkiewicz ◽  
Nadezhda Gavrylyuk ◽  
Kirsten Hellström ◽  
Elke Kaiser ◽  
Maya Kashuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Archaeological Cultures

AbstractIn an archaeometric research project supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project 90216 [https://earlynomads.wordpress.com/]), working groups consisting of chemists, geologists and archaeologists in Berlin, Kiev and Saint Petersburg collaborated on analysing pottery recovered from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age burials and settlements from sites of different archaeological cultures in the steppes and forest steppes north of the Black Sea. The article presents the results of the classification of 201 samples using energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) compared to the results of MGR-analysis and WD-XRF of these samples. Fingerprints for the seven sites studied could be defined.

scholarly journals The Fortresses of Ukraine. The Builders of Early Iron Age Strongholds in Podolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Marcin Ignaczak ◽  
Yuriy Boltryk ◽  
Oleksandr Shelekhan ◽  
Oksana Lifantii ◽  
Łukasz Olędzki
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Construction Strategy ◽  
Challenging Question

Abstract The most challenging question regarding the defensive settlements of the Pontic forest-steppe is the reason behind their construction at all and size. The most frequent interpretations centre around two questions: were they to protect from external threats (i.e. the nomads) or were they the result of a carefully planned construction strategy related to the economic and social pressure from the Greek colonies in the Black Sea region? It is also possible that both explanations are true.

Imperial confrontation or regional cooperation?: Bulgarian migration and Ottoman-Russian relations in the Black Sea region, 1768-1830s

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Robarts
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Primary Unit

The Black Sea region from 1768-1830s has traditionally been characterized as a theater of warfare and imperial competition. Indeed, during this period, the Ottoman and Russian empires engaged in four armed conflicts for supremacy in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and on the Black Sea itself. While not discounting geo-strategic and ideological confrontation between the Ottoman and Russian empires, this article - by adopting the Black Sea region as its primary unit of historical and political analysis - will emphasize the considerable amount of exchange that took place between the Ottoman and Russian empires in the Black Sea region in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Building upon a case study of Bulgarian migration between the Ottoman and Russian empires and as part of a broader discussion on Ottoman-Russian Black Sea diplomacy this article will detail joint Ottoman-Russian initiatives to control their mutual Black Sea borderland.

scholarly journals NEW FINDS OF THE KOBAN-KOLCHIS METAL ARTIFACTS IN THE NORTHEASTERN BLACK SEA COASTLINE AREA (KRASNODAR REGION). EARLIER UNKNOWN AREA OF THE KOBAN-KOLCHIS BRONZES

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
А. Ю. Скаков ◽  
М. И. Кудин ◽  
А. С. Кизилов
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
Adjacent Part ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Unknown Area ◽  
Blank Spot

В статье вводятся в научный оборот случайные находки последних десятилетий из района города-курорта Сочи и прилегающей части Туапсинского района, относящиеся к периоду поздней бронзы - раннего железа. До недавнего времени этот регион оставался своего рода «белым пятном» на археологической карте. Культурная принадлежность населения этого региона для рассматриваемого периода также оставалась неясной. Представленная коллекция случайных находок относится к нескольким хронологическим горизонтам - кон. II тыс. до н. э., VIII-VII вв. до н. э., VI-IV вв. до н. э. Для VIII-IV вв. до н. э. имеются определенные основания предполагать существование на этой территории самостоятельной археологической культуры в рамках кобано-колхидской культурно-исторической общности. Культура эта характеризуется синкретичностью, наличием как ярких кобано-колхидских, так и протомеотских и, в дальнейшем, меотских черт. Рассматривать этот регион как контактную зону представляется затруднительным из-за наличия некоторых ярких культурных маркеров, а именно слабо представленных в соседних ареалах бронзовых дуговидных фибул с кольцевыми утолщениями по краям дужки. Уверенно выделить новую, своеобразную культуру Восточного Причерноморья раннего железного века можно будет только после проведения новых широкомасштабных археологических исследований. The paper introduces into scientific discourse chance finds of recent decades from the district of the Sochi resort-city and the adjacent part of the Tuapse district dating to the Late Bronze Age - Early Iron Age. Until recently, this region remained something of a ‘blank spot’ on the archaeological map. Cultural attribution of the population in this region also remained unclear. The published assemblage of chance finds is dated to several chronological horizons: late II mill. BC, 8th-th cc. BC, 6th-4th cc. BC. Regarding the 8th-4th cc. BC, there are grounds to believe that bearers of a distinctive archaeological culture forming part of the overall Koban-Kolchis cultural unity inhabited this area. The culture is characterized by syncretism and presence of both salient Koban-Kolchis features and proto-Maeotian features and, subsequently, Maeotian features. It is difficult to consider this region as a contact zone due to presence of some impressive cultural markers, namely, bronze arched fibulae with ring thickened parts along the hoop. It will be possible to single out a distinctive Early Iron Age culture of the eastern Black Sea coastline region only after large-scale archaeological excavations and research.

Typology and function of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age cremation graves – a micro-regional case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Harvig ◽  
Mads Thagård Runge ◽  
Michael Borre Lundø
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals BLACK SEA SECURITY AND ASYMMETRIC MILITARY THREATS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: NEW TRENDS AND NEW CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Vakhtang MAISAIA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Background Spectrum ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
Copenhagen School ◽  
The Impact

The Black Sea region is increasingly becoming a priority on the international agenda. In fact, a regional approach is emerging as actors understand that common problems need tobe addressed jointly. Nevertheless, cooperation efforts are hampered by a number of factors, such as uneven economic and political development within and among countries, nationalist forces, and longstanding animosities between regional players. In this context, it is imperative to foster sound policies aimed at strengthening dialogue and cooperation so as to contain and ultimately resolve conflicts with peaceful means. However, there is little policy-oriented research on the challenges and opportunities for cooperation in the Black Sea region. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of terrorism and its dangers towards the Black Sea region. The work also describes the significance of international terrorism and its general definitions. Besides, the result and findings are based on theoretical studies and assumptions and the result of the analysis of the "Case Study" of the Black Sea region. Case study examines how the Black Sea region influences the spread of terrorism and what threats it poses for this region. Furthermore, the aspects of what makes the region important on international arena are analyzed and the existent and potential security issues are examined, as well as strategicimportance of the region for the EU and NATO is analyzed even from academic framework –“Securitization” theory322. The theory is based on security studies conceptual background and the background spectrum includes: the Copenhagen School and Critical security studies as the type323.Keywords: Black Sea region, Copenhagen School, Critical security studies, Securitization,NATO, EU, Georgia’s national security

Borodino, Seima and their Contemporaries: Key Sites for the Bronze Age Chronology of Eastern Europe

1957 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 143-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Gimbutas
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
North West ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
The Bronze Age

The hoard from Borodino, north-west of the Black Sea, and the cemetery of Seima in central Russia are the best known names in the literature dealing with the Bronze Age of eastern Europe. On the alleged dates of Borodino and Seima the whole structure of the Bronze Age chronology of Russia and even Siberia is built.Tallgren in his Pontide Préscythique (1926) and in his earlier publications dated the Borodino and Seima finds to the period from 1300–1100 B.C. This date was used by many other archæologists. Tallgren based his views on analogies between Borodino and Koban axes (Tallgren 1926, 140) which actually do not exist. Koban axes are different; they belong to the Koban culture of the early Iron Age in the central Caucasus around the end of the second millennium B.C. The Borodino hoard is definitely earlier than the Koban culture. Another indication of a more or less absolute date of the Borodino hoard is the similarity of the ornamental motifs executed on the Borodino pin with those on the gold buttons from Shaft-Graves Nos. IV and V of Mycenæ. This relationship was already indicated by Spitsyn (1916).

New research on Aegean & Pontic transport amphorae of the ninth to first century BC, 2010–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 117-144
Author(s):  
Mark L. Lawall ◽  
Chavdar Tzochev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Transport Amphorae ◽  
New Research

Research on transport amphorae in the Aegean and the Black Sea regions during the past decade has progressed significantly, both accumulating, synthesizing and interpreting new and old data, and increasing attention given to previously neglected areas and periods. Much work has been done on identifying places of production, defining typological development and refining chronologies. Greece and Turkey are achieving greater prominence in the field, as is attention to the Early Iron Age. Old debates – such as on the purposes and the meanings of amphora stamps – have been reignited with new ideas and the roles of transport amphorae in socio-economic systems continue to draw attention. Another emerging trend is the effort to consider amphorae in the longue durée. As material grows and the field becomes more cosmopolitan, amphora studies increasingly face the challenge of aggregating and synthesizing data in a way that can encourage participation in the broader dialogues of economic historians.

scholarly journals 14C Dates and Spatial Statistics: Modeling Intrasite Spatial Dynamics of Urnfield Cemeteries in Belgium Using Case Study of Destelbergen Cemetery

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen De Reu ◽  
Guy De Mulder ◽  
Mark van Strydonck ◽  
Mathieu Boudin ◽  
Jean Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Mean

The possibility of radiocarbon dating on cremated bones stimulated a systematic 14C dating project investigating the chronology of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age urnfield cemeteries in Belgium. The growing amount of 14C dates on these cremated remains led to new insights into the chronology, development, and disappearance of the urnfield phenomenon. Consequently, ideas about cultural and historical processes need to be modified. Also, the internal chronology of the cemeteries is much more complex than previously thought, stimulating the need for techniques to analyze and visualize the internal development of an individual burial site. The application of centrographic methods like the mean center, standard distance circle, and standard deviational ellipse illustrates the possibilities for analyzing the internal chronology of the cemeteries based on the available 14C dates.

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