NEW FINDS OF THE KOBAN-KOLCHIS METAL ARTIFACTS IN THE NORTHEASTERN BLACK SEA COASTLINE AREA (KRASNODAR REGION). EARLIER UNKNOWN AREA OF THE KOBAN-KOLCHIS BRONZES

В статье вводятся в научный оборот случайные находки последних десятилетий из района города-курорта Сочи и прилегающей части Туапсинского района, относящиеся к периоду поздней бронзы - раннего железа. До недавнего времени этот регион оставался своего рода «белым пятном» на археологической карте. Культурная принадлежность населения этого региона для рассматриваемого периода также оставалась неясной. Представленная коллекция случайных находок относится к нескольким хронологическим горизонтам - кон. II тыс. до н. э., VIII-VII вв. до н. э., VI-IV вв. до н. э. Для VIII-IV вв. до н. э. имеются определенные основания предполагать существование на этой территории самостоятельной археологической культуры в рамках кобано-колхидской культурно-исторической общности. Культура эта характеризуется синкретичностью, наличием как ярких кобано-колхидских, так и протомеотских и, в дальнейшем, меотских черт. Рассматривать этот регион как контактную зону представляется затруднительным из-за наличия некоторых ярких культурных маркеров, а именно слабо представленных в соседних ареалах бронзовых дуговидных фибул с кольцевыми утолщениями по краям дужки. Уверенно выделить новую, своеобразную культуру Восточного Причерноморья раннего железного века можно будет только после проведения новых широкомасштабных археологических исследований. The paper introduces into scientific discourse chance finds of recent decades from the district of the Sochi resort-city and the adjacent part of the Tuapse district dating to the Late Bronze Age - Early Iron Age. Until recently, this region remained something of a ‘blank spot’ on the archaeological map. Cultural attribution of the population in this region also remained unclear. The published assemblage of chance finds is dated to several chronological horizons: late II mill. BC, 8th-th cc. BC, 6th-4th cc. BC. Regarding the 8th-4th cc. BC, there are grounds to believe that bearers of a distinctive archaeological culture forming part of the overall Koban-Kolchis cultural unity inhabited this area. The culture is characterized by syncretism and presence of both salient Koban-Kolchis features and proto-Maeotian features and, subsequently, Maeotian features. It is difficult to consider this region as a contact zone due to presence of some impressive cultural markers, namely, bronze arched fibulae with ring thickened parts along the hoop. It will be possible to single out a distinctive Early Iron Age culture of the eastern Black Sea coastline region only after large-scale archaeological excavations and research.

Biological activity and humus state of soils in the near-adjacent part of the Selenga River

Peculiarities of humus formation and manifestation of biological activity of soils are revealed. The objects of research are grey forest nonpodzolized, alluvial meadow soils as arable land, meadow-marsh soils as hayfield. Humus condition of the studied soils is in satisfactory condition within each soil type. The current state of the humus fund of old-arable grey forest soils is characterized by low humus content and unsatisfactory composition, which is caused by the absence of fertility change. The productivity of meadow-marsh soils is high and considerably exceeds grey forest and alluvial meadow soils. The information obtained on biological activity, can be used in agricultural practice to assess soil productivity, as well as in environmental monitoring.

Tentative Intracontinental Seismic Activity in South Siberia and Russian Far East

Overwhelming majority of minor, strong and major earthquakes in south Siberia and Russian Far East coincide with relatively narrow intracontinental zones on the boundaries of blocks and lithosphere plates. The geodynamic activity of these zones connects, besides the plate interaction, with deep lithosphere structure and anomalies of the different geophysical fields as well as with blocks’ kinematics. Authors’ located areas of the seismic centers origin and the possible manifestations of the high seismicity based on the distribution of the maximal volumes of releasing seismic energy. We established these areas, with certain care, in the northeast Altai and adjacent part of the west Sayany, in the west of the east Sayany, around the Baikal Lake and in northwest Transbaikalia, in the east of Transbaikalia between the Vitim River and upper stream of the Aldan River, and in the north of the Sakhalin Island. The majority of minor and strong, rarely major, earthquakes took place in these areas. Deep and near surface structural peculiarities influence on these areas’ geodynamics and allow establishing possible levels of seismic energy releasing. We draw areas of intensive seismic energy releasing with its calculating for each from investigated regions. They gravitate towards interblock zones, which separate crust blocks and the North Eurasian Lithosphere Plate. The fulfilled investigation allows establishing specific areas of the increased seismicity in south Siberia, Russian Far East and adjacent territories.

Specifics of the Caledonian Collision in the Ol’khon Region (Lake Baikal, Russia)

—Analysis of geochemical, geochronological, and new geophysical data on metasedimentary and igneous rocks of the Ol’khon region has made it possible to substantiate: (1) the absence of products of the Caledonian suprasubduction magmatism from the adjacent part of the Siberian craton and (2) the presence of a product of this magmatism in the Anga–Talanchan island arc, namely, the Krestovsky massif with gabbro-diorite to granite phases. This suggests subduction of the Paleoasian oceanic crust under the island arc before the collision. The geophysical data showed a steep sinking of the Siberian craton margin. This sinking and the supposed contrary movement and rotation of the Siberian craton prevented the appearance of a subduction zone beneath the craton during the collision but caused the wide development of fault plates in the fold belt at the late collision stage. The residue of oceanic crust slab was pressed out along the fault planes near the surface and formed a row of gabbro-pyroxenite massifs of the Birkhin Complex in the fold belt, where syncollisional granitic melts (Sharanur Complex) formed at the same time. The interaction of two contrasting melts gave rise to the Tazheran and Budun alkaline syenite massifs and alkaline metasomatites of the Birkhin and Ulanganta gabbroid massifs.

The Technological Diversity of Lithic Industries in Eastern South America during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene Transition

Brazilian archaeological literature has insisted for decades upon associating hunter-gatherer sites dated to the Pleistocene–Holocene transition either to the Itaparica tradition, if located in central or northeastern Brazil, or to the Umbu tradition and Humaitá tradition, if located in southern Brazil, Uruguay, or any other adjacent part of Paraguay and Argentina. These associations have been based almost entirely on the presence or absence of lesmas and “projectile points,” regardless of their morphological and technological features. In the Uruguayan archaeological literature, three other cultures are recognised: Fell industry, Catalanense industry, and Tigre tradition, all in the Uruguayan region. However, the last 10 years of systematic studies on the lithic assemblages from these sites have shown that Paleoindian societies from Eastern South America are more culturally diverse than expected and that previously defined archaeological cultures present several issues in their definition, suggesting that many of these “traditions” are not valid and should no longer be used. Instead, new lithic industries and archaeological cultures should be defined only when cultural patterns are observable through systematic analyses.

Passive Method for Monitoring Atmospheric Phenomena by Evaluating the Cellular Network Signals

An integral part of our environment in addition to the surface of the Earth is the adjacent part of the atmosphere, the lower layer of the troposphere. This part of the troposphere has essential influence on weather evolution and information on its condition is an important part of the weather forecasting models. Standard methods of the data acquisition such as radars, satellites and weather stations do not provide information with sufficiently high temporal and spatial resolution. The subject of the article is a method of monitoring the condition of lower layers of the troposphere by passive monitoring and evaluation the parameters of cellular network signals. The elementary theory of an virtual sensor for the atmospheric radio refractive index monitoring and the preliminary results of experimental monitoring of the selected meteorological situation are presented.

Modern seismological surveys in Latvia from 2008 to 2019 and prospects for their development

In Latvia, seismological monitoring has been carried out at Slitere station since 2006. Slitere station is part of the GEOFON international network, with its center at GFZ Potsdam. The use of other stations of the GEOFON network and some stations of national networks of Finland and Estonia allows monitoring the entire East Baltic Region (VBR), including Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Kaliningrad Region of Russia, and the adjacent part of the Baltic Sea (Lat=53.9°N - 59.7°N; Lon=19.4°E - 29.6°E). The impetus for the development of seismological monitoring was the Kaliningrad earthquakes of 2004 with Mw 5.0 and 5.2. The main object of research, in addition to tectonic earthquakes, is man-made seismicity, which prevails in Latvia and in EBR. Because of seismic monitoring for the period from 2008 to 2019, 8 tectonic earthquakes were localized, as well as more than 5640 man-made seismic events. The total number of seismic events localized by the BAVSEN network is 13328, including 1096 teleseismic events. The relevance of seismological monitoring is increasing due to unfavorable geodynamic conditions in the area where some large energy, transport facilities, and agglomerations are located, which requires a study of the seismic regime of the territories around these objects. The main problems of EBR seismic monitoring are associated with the identification of relatively weak seismic events, with a rare network of seismic stations, adverse seismic and geological conditions of the sedimentary cover, and low activity of EBR tectonic earthquakes. The lack of promising methods for recognizing the genesis of seismic events puts this problem in the first place. The prospects for seismological research in Latvia are related to the study of the seismic and geological properties of grounds, seismic micro zoning, monitoring of hydraulic structures, as well as the possibility of creating a National Data Center, within which seismological monitoring can become one of the main methods for radiation safety of EBR.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, VITAL SIGNS, AND BOWEL VIABILITY IN PEDIATRIC INTUSSUSCEPTION

INTRODUCTION: Intussusception is a condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine. Intussusception is an important cause of an acute abdomen and the second most common cause of bowel obstruction in children. The classic triad of intussusception, including vomiting, abdominal colic pain, and bloody stool. However, the triad has only been reported in <50% cases. This study is aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestation, vital signs, and bowel viability in pediatric intussusception. METHODS: This is an observational retrospective study with total sampling. RESULTS: Based on clinical characteristics, there were 44.44% subjects who had manifestations for 2-3 days. Ileocolic was the most common location (77.78%). Majority of the subjects did not have the classic triad (66.67%), had red currant jelly stool (62.96%), did not have abdominal mass (59.26%), complained of abdominal pain (70.37%), did not have abdominal distention (74.07%), did not vomit (55.5%), was lethargic (59.26%), and had viable bowel (62.96%). CONCLUSION: This study found that the most common manifestations of intussusception in children were abdominal pain, red currant jelly stool, and lethargy, with viable bowel and located at ileocolic.