Review on technologies to separate and purify ethyl alcohol from dilute aqueous solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja P. Sanap ◽  
Yogesh S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Fuel Grade Ethanol

Abstract Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is viewed upon as a fuel additive or even as an alternative fuel. Fermentation is used to produce dilute (<20 mass%) ethanol. This is needed to be concentrated to almost anhydrous, fuel grade ethanol (>99.5 mass%). The technologies used for concentration from dilute grade to fuel grade ethanol are summarized in this review. Thus, extraction; distillation; use of membranes; adsorption and some miscellaneous methods are discussed in detail. For each technique, the inlet and outlet concentrations; merits and demerits and scope for future work are indicated. Hybrid separations are discussed. In addition to technical feasibility, economic viability of the techniques is also discussed. A brief discussion on current industrial practice is also presented.

The reactions of oligoalcohols with arsenic, arsenous, boric and germanic acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2645-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Mikan ◽  
Miloš Bartušek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

The reactions of sorbitol, mannitol, adonitol, dulcitol, glucose and glycerol with H3AsO4, H3AsO3, H3BO3 and GeO2 acids in dilute aqueous solutions were studied by potentiometric neutralization titrations. The formation of the following chelates was demonstrated: As(V)L3-, As(III)L(OH)2-, HAs(III)L(OH)2, BL2-, GeL2(OH)- and GeL32- and the equilibrium constants for their formation were found. Conditions for formation of these chelates of organic oligohydroxy compounds are discussed.

Study of potential oscillations during reaction of an aluminium single crystal with an aqueous KOH solution

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Halaša ◽  
Milica Miadoková
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Kinetics Of

The authors investigated periodic potential changes measured on oriented sections of Al single crystals during spontaneous dissolution in dilute aqueous solutions of KOH, with the aim to find optimum conditions for the formation of potential oscillations. It was found that this phenomenon is related with the kinetics of the reaction investigated, whose rate also changed periodically. The mechanism of the oscillations is discussed in view of the experimental findings.

A tensammetric study of polyacrylamides, including their determination

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2658-2663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truis Smith-Palmer ◽  
Byron R. Wentzell ◽  
John C. Donini ◽  
Robert J. Jerrard
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Limits Of Detection ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Phase Sensitive

Phase-sensitive tensammetry is shown to be a convenient and useful way to analyse polyacrylamides and associated derivatives (pams) in dilute aqueous solutions. Standard curves were obtained with ranges varying from 9 to 25 ppm and limits of detection varying from 0.7 to 2 ppm. Ways to change the range and sensitivity are discussed and demonstrated. Typical interferences and their effects are tabulated, and the analysis of pams in coal washings is discussed. The analysis of certain mixtures of polyacrylamides is shown to be possible.

Motions of water molecules in dilute aqueous solutions of tertiary butyl alcohol; a neutron scattering study of hydrophobic hydration

1970 ◽  
Vol 319 (1537) ◽  
pp. 189-208 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Hydrophobic Hydration ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Neutron Scattering Study

Cold neutron inelastic scattering experiments have been performed on dilute aqueous solutions of (CD 3 ) 3 COH and of solutions of (CH 3 ) 3 COH in D 2 O at 21 °C. From the broadening of the quasi-elastic peak and independently determined self-diffusion coefficients ( D ), diffusive lifetimes ( c ) of H 2 O molecules have been calculated as functions of solute concentration. The product Dc is insensitive to concentration, giving a mean diffusion step length of 0.14 nm. The inelastic portion of the spectrum, reflecting lattice-like hydrogen bonding modes indicates that the solute enhances the water ‘structure’ but that such structure bears no resemblance to ice.

Nucleation of single and mixed straight chain surfactants from dilute aqueous solutions

1996 ◽  
Vol 166 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N.M.R. van Gelder ◽  
K.J. Roberts ◽  
J. Chambers ◽  
T. Instone
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

Hydrodynamic Properties of Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Poly(N-ethylmethacrylamide)

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (24) ◽  
pp. 8344-8349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Bohdanecky ◽  
Vladimir Petrus ◽  
Jiri Horsky
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Properties ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions
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