scholarly journals Inbreeding Depression in the Full-sib Offspring of Populus nigra L.

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Benetka ◽  
M. Pospíšková ◽  
F. Vrátný ◽  
M. Tkaczyková
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Male Tree ◽  
Three Sisters

Abstract Controlled pollination was carried out in the species Populus nigra L. in a greenhouse on isolated branches between sisters and a brother - inbreeding (S x B). Female trees (sisters) were also exposed to open pollination (OP) in the neighbourhood of a male tree (brother) and other Populus nigra trees in the vicinity. The analysis of 11 microsatellites was done in the offspring from the inbreeding (S x B) and from the OP. In OP offspring was found 20-76% of viable individuals that were coming from pollination with brother’s pollen (spontaneous inbreeding). These individuals were separated from the offspring. In a randomised field trial the offspring were evaluated for two years. Fitness decreased in S x B offspring, traits of plant height, trunk diameter, height increment and resistance to Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. were lower in comparison with those of OP offspring. A coefficient of inbreeding depression (δ) ranged from 0.373 to 0.034. The significance of differences between the offspring from S x B and OP of the particular sisters was proved. About 30% of homozygous microsatellite loci were identified in inbred S x B offspring, which was more than in OP offspring. This difference was significant in the offspring of three sisters; it was not significant in the offspring of one sister. This trend corresponded to the results of growth traits.

scholarly journals Introgression in black poplar (Populus nigra L. ssp. nigra) and its transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Benetka ◽  
K. Vacková ◽  
I. Bartáková ◽  
M. Ppospíšková ◽  
M. Rasl
Keyword(s):  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Pollen Mixture

: Introgression was studied in the offspring of P. nigra and P. × canadensis female trees using 3 enzymatic patterns (6-PGD, LAP and GPI). Our investigations were aimed at the offspring from open pollination and controlled pollination by the pollen mixture from 3 clones of P. nigra and 3 clones of P. × canadensis. The rate of introgression in <br /> P. nigra offspring from open pollination was 0.67%. Introgression in 3 offsprings of P. nigra from controlled pollination was 7.14%. In P. × canadensis the heterozygous: homozygous phenotype ratio in 2 offsprings from open pollination was 1:1; it documents prevailing fertilization by P. nigra pollen. After fertilization by the pollen mixture this segregation ratio was 1:1 (6-PGD; GPI) or 3:1 (LAP). The offspring of P. × canadensis maternal components are assumed to have a major share in introgression.

scholarly journals Trends in genetic diversity and the effect of inbreeding in American Angus cattle under genomic selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. Lozada-Soto ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
Duc Lu ◽  
Stephen Miller ◽  
John B. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Genomic Inbreeding ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background While the adoption of genomic evaluations in livestock has increased genetic gain rates, its effects on genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding have raised concerns in cattle populations. Increased inbreeding may affect fitness and decrease the mean performance for economically important traits, such as fertility and growth in beef cattle, with the age of inbreeding having a possible effect on the magnitude of inbreeding depression. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in genetic diversity as a result of the implementation of genomic selection in Angus cattle and quantify potential inbreeding depression effects of total pedigree and genomic inbreeding, and also to investigate the impact of recent and ancient inbreeding. Results We found that the yearly rate of inbreeding accumulation remained similar in sires and decreased significantly in dams since the implementation of genomic selection. Other measures such as effective population size and the effective number of chromosome segments show little evidence of a detrimental effect of using genomic selection strategies on the genetic diversity of beef cattle. We also quantified pedigree and genomic inbreeding depression for fertility and growth. While inbreeding did not affect fertility, an increase in pedigree or genomic inbreeding was associated with decreased birth weight, weaning weight, and post-weaning gain in both sexes. We also measured the impact of the age of inbreeding and found that recent inbreeding had a larger depressive effect on growth than ancient inbreeding. Conclusions In this study, we sought to quantify and understand the possible consequences of genomic selection on the genetic diversity of American Angus cattle. In both sires and dams, we found that, generally, genomic selection resulted in decreased rates of pedigree and genomic inbreeding accumulation and increased or sustained effective population sizes and number of independently segregating chromosome segments. We also found significant depressive effects of inbreeding accumulation on economically important growth traits, particularly with genomic and recent inbreeding.

scholarly journals The effect of pollenizer on the fruit set of plum cultivar Cacanska Najbolja

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Nikolic ◽  
Vera Rakonjac ◽  
Milica Fotiric-Aksic
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Very High

In this paper, during a 4-year period (2003-2006) effects of six pollenizers (President, Italian Prune, Stanley, Cacanska Rodna, Agen 707, and California Blue) on the degree of fruit set in the plum cultivar Cacanska Najbolja were examined. Besides the controlled pollination of this cultivar, open pollination was investigated. Functional pollen ability in pollenizer-cultivars was established by in vitro pollen germination. Degree of fruit set was determined comparing the number of fruit set (10 days after pollination, 21 days after pollination and number of harvested fruits) against the number of pollinated flowers. The results indicated that all pollenizer cultivars, studied in this paper, possessed satisfactory in vitro pollen germination (30.1-67.4%). The number of fruit set determined 10 days after pollination was very high and did not differ among pollenizers. Highly significant differences were found between the pollenizers in the number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and significant ones in relation to the number of harvested fruits. Compared to open pollination, higher number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and higher number of harvested fruits were obtained when cultivars Stanley (17.0%; 7.6%) and Italian Prune (14.6%; 6.9%) were used as pollenizers, therefore those cultivars are recommendable as good pollenizers for the cultivar Cacanska Najbolja.

Effect of pruning on regrowth of cut foliage stems of seventeen Eucalyptus species

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Wirthensohn ◽  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Leaf Colour ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Cut Foliage

Summary. Seventeen species of Eucalyptus were subjected to trials investigating their suitability for floriculture and the effect of pruning on cut foliage production. There was variation in leaf colour within and between species, and in the time to phase change and flowering. There were significant differences at 16 months between species for tree height, trunk diameter and lignotuber diameter with E. globulus having the largest dimensions. Following pruning at 19 months, there was an initial significant interaction between species and pruning height in relation to tree height, height increment, and trunk and lignotuber diameter. After 1 year there were significant differences between species, in the length of stems, number of stems and total weight of stems, with E. globulus producing the highest number and weight of stems. There was a positive correlation of trunk diameter and lignotuber diameter at 3 and 6 months after pruning with the number of cut foliage stems produced at 12 months. For E. gunnii pruning to 1.0 m at 25 months produced the most stems at 6 months after pruning.

Pedigree analysis and inbreeding depression on growth traits in Brazilian Marchigiana and Bonsmara breeds1

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Santana ◽  
P. S. Oliveira ◽  
J. P. Eler ◽  
J. P. Gutiérrez ◽  
J. B. S. Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Pedigree Analysis

scholarly journals Estimating inbreeding depression for growth and reproductive traits using pedigree and genomic methods in Argentinean Brangus cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia S Forneris ◽  
Carolina A Garcia-Baccino ◽  
Rodolfo J C Cantet ◽  
Zulma G Vitezica
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Genomic Inbreeding

Abstract Inbreeding depression reduces mean phenotypic value of important traits in livestock populations. The goal of this work was to estimate the level of inbreeding and inbreeding depression for growth and reproductive traits in Argentinean Brangus cattle, in order to obtain a diagnosis and monitor breed management. Data comprised 359,257 (from which 1,990 were genotyped for 40,678 SNP) animals with phenotypic records for at least one of three growth traits: birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and finishing weight (FW). For scrotal circumference (SC), 52,399 phenotypic records (of which 256 had genotype) were available. There were 530,938 animals in pedigree. Three methods to estimate inbreeding coefficients were used. Pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients were estimated accounting for missing parents. Inbreeding coefficients combining genotyped and nongenotyped animal information were also computed from matrix H of the single-step approach. Genomic inbreeding coefficients were estimated using homozygous segments obtained from a Hidden Markov model (HMM) approach. Inbreeding depression was estimated from the regression of the phenotype on inbreeding coefficients in a multiple-trait mixed model framework, either for the whole data set or the data set of genotyped animals. All traits were unfavorably affected by inbreeding depression. A 10% increase in pedigree-based or combined inbreeding would result in a reduction of 0.34 - 0.39 kg in BW, of 2.77 - 3.28 kg in WW and 0.23 cm in SC. For FW a 10% increase in pedigree-based, genomic or combined inbreeding would result in a decrease of 8.05 - 11.57 kg. Genomic inbreeding based on the HMM was able to capture inbreeding depression, even in such a compressed genotyped data set.

scholarly journals Genotype by Environment Interaction in Pinus sylvestris L. in Southern Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hannrup ◽  
G. Jansson ◽  
Ö. Danell
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Genotype By Environment

Abstract To estimate the amount of genotype by environment interaction (G x E) data was obtained within the Swedish breeding program of Pinus sylvestris L. The calculations were based on estimates of G x E expressed by the genetic correlations across trials. In total, 66 progeny trials were included coming from 17 different test series. The number of parents tested per progeny trial was in average 52. Some parents were tested in several series and in total 812 parents were represented in the study. The results of our study showed that the amount of G x E for growth traits in Pinus sylvestris in southern Sweden was low. The median genetic correlation across trials for height, height increment and diameter were in the range 0.75-0.80 and the pattern of interaction was largely unpredictable from site differences in site index, latitude, longitude and altitude.

Inbreeding depression in growth traits of Baluchi sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Gholizadeh ◽  
Farhad Ghafouri-Kesbi
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Growth Traits

scholarly journals Inbreeding depression in crambe1

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina da Costa Lara-Fioreze ◽  
◽  
Laerte Gustavo Pivetta ◽  
Maurício Dutra Zanotto ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Genetic Phenomenon

ABSTRACT Inbreeding depression in plants, caused by selfing or crossing among plants with a high degree of relatedness, is a genetic phenomenon that affects quantitative traits. This study aimed at verifying the occurrence of inbreeding depression in crambe progenies originated from selfing, in comparison with open pollination progenies. A randomized blocks design, with three replications, in a 32 x 2 factorial arrangement, with 32 crambe progenies and two reproduction systems (artificial selfing and open pollination), was used. Grain yield, 1,000-grain weight, plant height and final stand were evaluated. A significant interaction was observed between progenies and reproduction systems in all traits evaluated. A reduction in grain yield, 1,000-grain weight and plant height occurred in the majority of the selfing progenies, when compared to open pollination progenies. Inbreeding depression was observed in all traits, especially for grain yield. The heritability coefficients of selfed progenies were higher than the open pollinated ones, except for 1,000-grain weight.

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