scholarly journals Export into EFTA and transportation costs

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (35) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Lucia Khúlová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
Online Calculator ◽  
Logistics Performance Index

Abstract The Member States of the European Free Trade Association are the considerable opportunity for export, especially for countries of the European Union. The European Economic Area unites the Member States of European Union and Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland (the three EFTA countries) into an Internal Market. The paper deals with comparison the basic data of EFTA Member States such as geography, infrastructure, GDP. Due to Logistics Performance Index, it is possible to compare the level of logistics and transportation conditions in selected countries. The export costs and delivery time from a one Member State of European Union to capital cities of EFTA Member States are identified by using online calculator of chosen integrators.

Square Pegs and Round Holes (Continued): Financial Market Surveillance Authorities and Internal Market Association

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 32-59
Author(s):  
GEORGES S BAUR
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
The One

AbstractAfter the financial crisis of 2008, the European Union (‘EU’) not only increased its substantial legislation regarding financial services, but also built up a strong and unified system of financial market supervision. In particular, central surveillance authorities were created. These were given far-reaching competences with regard to substituting dysfunctional national authorities or players in the financial services sector. The three European Economic Area (‘EEA’) and European Free Trade Association (‘EFTA’) States—Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway—participate in the EU's internal market through their membership of the EEA. In order to continue participating on an equal footing in the internal market for financial services and to honour their duty to maintain homogeneity, the EEA EFTA States also had to incorporate the new institutional setup regarding financial services supervision. This obligation, however, in particular relating to certain intrusive powers of the new surveillance authorities, collided with some constitutional reservations, above all of the two Nordic EEA EFTA States. This article will show how these conflicting aims could be merged into a system that on the one hand guarantees the unified overall approach needed for strengthened surveillance of the internal market for financial services, and on the other hand safeguards certain constitutional reservations of the EEA EFTA States. It also looks at how third countries that do not (fully) participate in the internal market, such as the United Kingdom and Switzerland, are likely to be treated in this context by the EU.

scholarly journals Preparing the European Union for the next pandemic – half way there

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (51) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nicoll ◽  
P Kreidl ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area

In early 2005, the institutions and member states of the European Union (EU), together with the other European Economic Area (EEA) member states of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, started preparing in a concerted manner for the next influenza pandemic.

scholarly journals Communicating European Archives: Challenges, Strategies and Tools

Atlanti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Dieter Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
The Eu

This article outlines the insights gained during the establishment of a communications strategy for the Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU) in Florence. The article reflects on how key messages of a unique transnational European archives are construed from its mission, legal framework and in close collaboration with EU institutional archives services. It also sheds light on how to identify a specific European target audience for the Archives and other key elements of a communications strategy for a European archives.The HAEU is the official home for the historical documents of the European Union Institutions, Bodies and Agencies. It is part of the European University Institute, a unique academic hub for doctoral and post-doctoral European studies. It houses, at Villa Salviati in Florence, seven kilometres of paper and digital archives as well as rich audio-visual and oral history collections documenting the historical process of European integration and cooperation. The EU-institutional archives are made accessible to the public after 30 years.The HAEU also hosts 160 deposits of private papers from eminent European political leaders, EU officials and pioneers in the European integration process, and a unique collection of archives of pro-Eu-ropean movements and non-EU organisations with a European scope, such as the European Space Agen-cy and the European Free Trade Association.

scholarly journals Legal and Administrative Time Limits in the Context of the Latest Amendments of the Act of 14 June 1960 – Administrative Procedure Code

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Alicja Batko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Post Office ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Postal Services ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
Administrative Proceedings

On 3 July 2019 a rule that a deadline is deemed to have been met if, before its expiry, a letter was posted at a Polish post office facility of the designated operator in the meaning of the Postal Law Act or at a postal facility of the operator providing the universal postal services in another Member State of the European Union, the Swiss Confederation or a Member State of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) – a party to the European Economic Area Agreement, was introduced into the Polish administrative procedure. Prior to the date of the aforementioned amendment coming into force, it was necessary to post a letter at a Polish post office facility of the designated operator in the meaning of the Postal Law Act in order to be able to state that the deadline was met. The interim provisions introducing the above-mentioned changes stipulated that the regulation in the wording before the amendment applies to the factual circumstances that took place before the date of its coming into force. However, by virtue of the judgement of the Constitutional Tribunal of 30 October 2019 also the above-mentioned regulation expired to the extent in which it functioned under the interim provisions. The amendment of the administrative proceedings provisions and the aforementioned ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal made it possible to adjust the administrative procedure in this respect to the constitutional requirements as well as the provisions of the law of the European Union, and ensured the consistency of this regulation with analogous regulations in other proceedings in the Polish legal system.

Mayday—Brexit

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertil Wiman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Area

On 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom left the European Union Brexit. A number of tax consequences both in the United Kingdom as well as in other member States will follow from leaving as a member of the European Union and the European Economic Area. This Article analyzes some of the income tax consequences, from a Swedish perspective, that follow from Brexit.

Anaesthesiology research in the European Union and the European Free Trade Association

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 814-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelien Cools ◽  
Julia Ausserer ◽  
Marc Van de Velde ◽  
Peter Hamm ◽  
Sabrina Neururer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Free Trade Association

scholarly journals Surveillance and epidemiology of hepatitis B and C in Europe – a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merja Rantala ◽  
M J van de Laar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute And Chronic Hepatitis

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are frequent causes of acute and chronic hepatitis worldwide and leading causes for hepatic cirrhosis and cancer. There is a distinct geographical variation in HBV and HCV incidence and prevalence in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area/European Free Trade Association (EEA/EFTA) member states and neighbouring countries. The HBV carrier prevalence ranges from 0.1 to 8.0% and that of HCV from 0.1 to 6.0%. Within the last few years, the HBV incidence has decreased while the HCV incidence has increased. Both diseases are concentrated in certain subpopulations, such as injecting drug users, with tens of times higher prevalence than in the general population. Most EU and EEA/EFTA countries have a surveillance system for HBV and HCV infections, but due to differences in system structures, reporting practices, data collection methods and case definitions used, the surveillance data are difficult to compare across countries. The harmonisation and strengthening of HBV and HCV surveillance at the European level is of utmost importance to obtain more robust data on these diseases.

scholarly journals Identifying components for programmatic latent tuberculosis infection control in the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Sandgren ◽  
Jannigje M Vonk Noordegraaf-Schouten ◽  
Anouk M Oordt-Speets ◽  
Gerarda B van Kessel ◽  
Sake J de Vlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Member States

Individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are the reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a population and as long as this reservoir exists, elimination of tuberculosis (TB) will not be feasible. In 2013, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) started an assessment of benefits and risks of introducing programmatic LTBI control, with the aim of providing guidance on how to incorporate LTBI control into national TB strategies in European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) Member States and candidate countries. In a first step, experts from the Member States, candidate countries, and international and national organisations were consulted on the components of programmatic LTBI control that should be considered and evaluated in literature reviews, mathematical models and cost-effectiveness studies. This was done through a questionnaire and two interactive discussion rounds. The main components identified were identification and targeting of risk groups, determinants of LTBI and progression to active TB, optimal diagnostic tests for LTBI, effective preventive treatment regimens, and to explore the potential for combining LTBI control with other health programmes. Political commitment, a solid healthcare infrastructure, and favourable economic situation in specific countries were identified as essential to facilitate the implementation of programmatic LTBI control.

scholarly journals Impact of measles national vaccination coverage on burden of measles across 29 Member States of the European Union and European Economic Area, 2006–2011

Vaccine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (16) ◽  
pp. 1814-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Colzani ◽  
S.A. McDonald ◽  
P. Carrillo-Santisteve ◽  
M.C. Busana ◽  
P. Lopalco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area

scholarly journals Utilising Expert Opinion to Improve the Measurement of International Migration in Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Wiśniowski ◽  
Jakub Bijak ◽  
Solveig Christiansen ◽  
Jonathan J. Forster ◽  
Nico Keilman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Measurement Quality ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
Elicitation Process ◽  
Migration Flows

Abstract In this article, we first discuss the need to augment reported flows of international migration in Europe with additional knowledge gained from experts on measurement, quality and coverage. Second, we present our method for eliciting this information. Third, we describe how this information is converted into prior distributions for subsequent use in a Bayesian model for estimating migration flows amongst countries in the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The article concludes with an assessment of the importance of expert information and a discussion of lessons learned from the elicitation process.

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