Actionality and the degree of temporal dynamics

Walter Breu

doi:10.1515/stuf-2021-1041

Actionality and the degree of temporal dynamics

Language Typology and Universals ◽

10.1515/stuf-2021-1041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (3-4) ◽

pp. 435-466

Author(s):

Walter Breu

Keyword(s):

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Comprehensive System ◽

Grammatical Aspect

Abstract The interaction of lexical actionality with grammatical aspect is explained in a comprehensive system, based on the “degree of temporal dynamics” of simple and complex actional classes and of the various functions, expressed by aspect grammemes (extended ILA model, focus aspect). Then a new conceptualization of less frequent aspect phenomena is presented. A novelty is the differentiation of focus aspect from status aspect, characterized by habitualization and the transformation of telic events into atelic activities. Argument structures are claimed to be responsible for class changes, especially with respect to the incorporative (INCO) class, combining activity, telicity and a subsequent state.

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The Blame Game: An investigation of Grammatical Aspect and Blame Judgments

Collabra Psychology ◽

10.1525/collabra.113 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anita Eerland ◽

Andrew M. Sherrill ◽

Joseph P. Magliano ◽

Rolf A. Zwaan

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Current Literature ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Processing System ◽

Chronological Order ◽

Imperfective Aspect ◽

Grammatical Aspect ◽

New Finding ◽

Influence Perceptions

Imperfective aspect (i.e., Mark was punching John) is interpreted by the language processing system as a dynamic, unfolding sequence of actions, whereas perfective aspect (i.e., Mark punched John) is interpreted as a complete whole. A recent study showed that grammatical aspect can influence perceptions of intentionality for criminal actions (Hart & Albarracín, 2011). The current study builds on this finding. Five experiments examine whether grammatical aspect can also influence perceptions of blame, a concept related to intentionality. There were no effects of grammatical aspect on judgments of blame but the results showed an effect of narrated order (Experiments 1–3). First-mentioned actions made the agent more to blame for the outcomes than last-mentioned actions. This effect was not due to the order of the blame questions (Experiment 2) or influenced by the chronological order of the events (Experiment 3). Experiments 4 and 5 showed strong effects of grammatical aspect on temporal dynamics and revealed an interesting new finding. Grammatical aspect can influence the mental representation of a non-mentioned action. We discuss our results in light of the current literature on grammatical aspect effects.

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Nonlinear Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Chaos in Semiconductors

10.1017/cbo9780511524615 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

Eckehard Schöll

Keyword(s):

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Spatio Temporal

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Selflessness in Anorexia Nervosa as Reflected in the Rorschach Comprehensive System

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 78-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gili Curiel-Levy ◽

Laura Canetti ◽

Esti Galili-Weisstub ◽

Myrna Milun ◽

Eitan Gur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Clinical Observation ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Comprehensive System ◽

Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽

Rorschach Comprehensive System ◽

Group A

This study examines the expression of selflessness – the tendency to ignore one’s own needs and serve others’ needs – in Rorschach protocols of women suffering from anorexia nervosa. The protocols of 35 women suffering from anorexia nervosa were compared to 30 protocols of a psychiatric comparison group. A multivariate analysis of variance over five variables (AG, PER, PHR, COP, and GHR) was significant: Anorexic patients showed higher characteristics of selflessness compared to the psychiatric comparison group. These findings contribute to the validation of the Rorschach technique and to the clinical observation of selflessness in anorexic patients, and they emphasize specific characteristics in the treatment of anorexia nervosa patients.

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The Relationship Between Texture Responses on the Rorschach and Adult Attachment

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 4-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kazunori Iwasa ◽

Toshiki Ogawa

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Adult Attachment ◽

Japanese Population ◽

Attachment Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Comprehensive System ◽

Attachment Avoidance ◽

Sensitive Measure ◽

The Relationship

We examined the relationship between texture responses (T) on the Rorschach and adult attachment in the Japanese population. 47 Japanese undergraduate and graduate students (mean age = 20.16, SD = 1.87) completed a self-report adult attachment scale as well as the Rorschach. An ANOVA revealed that T = 1 participants were attached more securely than were other groups. T > 1 participants were more preoccupied with attachment and scored higher on an attachment anxiety scale than the T = 1 group. Although these results were consistent with the interpretation of the texture response according to the Comprehensive System (CS), the results obtained for T = 0 participants were inconsistent with hypotheses derived from the CS. T = 0 participants were high on preoccupied and attachment anxiety scores, although they were theoretically expected to be high on dismissing or attachment avoidance. These results indicated that – at least in Japan – T should be regarded as a sensitive measure of attachment anxiety.

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Psychometric Definition of Rorschach Determinant Component Structure

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.14.2.116 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 116-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raymond M. Costello

Keyword(s):

Lower Order ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Comprehensive System ◽

Empirical Examination ◽

Component Structure ◽

Exner's Comprehensive System ◽

Factor Analytic ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Definition Of

This is an empirical examination of Experienced Stimulation (es) and Experience Actual (EA) from Exner's Comprehensive System (CS) for Rorschach's Test, spurred by Kleiger's theoretical critique. Principal components analysis, Cronbach's α, and inter-item correlational analyses were used to test whether 13 determinants used to code Rorschach responses (M, FM, m, CF+C, YF+Y, C'F+C', TF+T, VF+V, FC, FC', FV, FY, FT) are best represented as a one, two, or more-dimensional construct. The 13 determinants appear to reflect three dimensions, a “lower order” sensori-motor dimension (m + CF+C + YF+Y + C'F+C' + TF+T + VF+V) with a suggested label of Modified Experienced Stimulation (MES), a “higher order” sensori-motor dimension (FM + FV + FY + FT) with a suggested label of Modified Experience Potential (MEP), and a third sensori-motor dimension (M+FC+FC') for which the label of Modified Experience Actual (MEA) is suggested. These findings are consistent with Kleiger's arguments and could lead to a refinement of CS constructs by aggregating determinants along lines more theoretically congruous and more internally consistent. A RAMONA model with parameters specified was presented for replication attempts which use confirmatory factor analytic techniques.

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Effects of Monetary Incentives on Task Switching

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000146 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 216-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Thomas Kleinsorge ◽

Gerhard Rinkenauer

Keyword(s):

Task Switching ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Reward Processing ◽

General Level ◽

Monetary Incentives ◽

Switch Costs ◽

Expectancy Effect ◽

Reward Expectancy ◽

Trial Basis

In two experiments, effects of incentives on task switching were investigated. Incentives were provided as a monetary bonus. In both experiments, the availability of a bonus varied on a trial-to-trial basis. The main difference between the experiments relates to the association of incentives to individual tasks. In Experiment 1, the association of incentives to individual tasks was fixed. Under these conditions, the effect of incentives was largely due to reward expectancy. Switch costs were reduced to statistical insignificance. This was true even with the task that was not associated with a bonus. In Experiment 2, there was a variable association of incentives to individual tasks. Under these conditions, the reward expectancy effect was bound to conditions with a well-established bonus-task association. In conditions in which the bonus-task association was not established in advance, enhanced performance of the bonus task was accompanied by performance decrements with the task that was not associated with a bonus. Reward expectancy affected mainly the general level of performance. The outcome of this study may also inform recently suggested neurobiological accounts about the temporal dynamics of reward processing.

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