The Effect of TiO2 on Engine Emissions for Gas Turbine engine Fueled with jatropha, butanol, Soya and Rapeseed Oil

AbstractThis paper aims in assessing the effect of biofuel blend such as butanol, jatropha methyl ester, soya methyl ester and rapeseed methyl ester as an additive for the aviation fuel. In addition to the blends, the nanoparticle TiO2 of 3 % is added to the biofuel. The nanoparticle mixed at the concentration of 300ppm by ultrasonication process. The fuel Jet A, B27T, J27T, S27T and R27T are investigated for combustion and emission characteristics for various throttle settings in micro gas turbine engine. Addition of additives improves the ultimate property of the fuel by reducing the kinematic viscosity. The fuel blend B27T reports 25 % increase in total static thrust and 22 % reduction in thrust specific fuel consumption. From the results it is evident that, all fuel blends showed a significant reduction in emission values owing to high oxygen content. In addition, the thermal efficiency of the B27T and J27T is improved appreciably to 30 % and 10 % higher than Jet A fuel owing to the influence of the nanoparticle TiO2. On the other hand, the emissions like CO and NOx reduced drastically up to 70 % and 45 % respectively.

Download Full-text

Influence of high oxygenated biofuels on micro-gas turbine engine for reduced emission

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology ◽

10.1108/aeat-07-2020-0150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Booma Devi ◽

Venkatesh S. ◽

Rakesh Vimal ◽

Praveenkumar T.R.

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbine Engine ◽

Key Factors ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

Content Type ◽

Turbine Engine ◽

Micro Gas Turbine ◽

Oxygenated Compounds ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Effect Of Additives

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of additives in Jet-A fuel blends, especially on performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Jet-A fuel was formed by using Kay’s and Gruenberg–Nissan mixing rules by adding additive glycerol with TiO2. While measuring the combustion performance, the amount of oxygen content present in fuel and atomization are the key factors to consider. As such, the Jet-A fuel was created by adding additives at different proportion. A small gas turbine engine was used for conducting tests. All tests were carried out at different load conditions for all the fuel blends such as neat Jet-A fuel, G10T (glycerol 10% with 50 ppm TiO2 and Jet-A 90%), G20T (glycerol 10% with 50 ppm TiO2 and Jet-A 90%) and G30T (glycerol 10% with 50 ppm TiO2 and Jet-A 90%). Findings From tests, the G20T and G10T produced better results than other blends. The thermal efficiency of the blends of G20T and G10T are 22% and 14% higher than neat Jet-A fuel. Further, the improved static thrust with less fuel consumption was noticed in G20T fuel blend. Originality/value The G20T blends showed better performance because of the increased oxygenated compounds in the fuel blends. Moreover, the emission rate of environmentally harmful gases such as NOx, CO and HC was lower than the neat Jet-A fuel. From the results, it is clear that the rate of exergy destruction is more in the combustion chamber than the other components of fuel.

Download Full-text

NMHC and VOC Speciation of the Exhaust Gas From a Gas Turbine Engine Using Alternative, Renewable and Conventional Jet A-1 Aviation Fuels

Volume 3A: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration ◽

10.1115/gt2014-25445 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Altaher ◽

Hu Li ◽

Simon Blakey ◽

Winson Chung

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbine Engine ◽

Aviation Fuel ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Turbine Engine ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Auxiliary Power ◽

Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽

Full Power ◽

Two Stages

This paper investigated the emissions of individual unburned hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds from the exhaust gas of an APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) gas turbine engine burning various fuels. The engine was a single spool, two stages of turbines and one stage of centrifugal compressor gas turbine engine, and operated at idle and full power respectively. Four alternative aviation fuel blends with Jet A-1 were tested including GTL, hydrogenated renewable jet fuel and fatty acid ester. C2-C4 alkenes, benzene, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, naphthalene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein emissions were measured. The results show at the full power condition, the concentrations for all hydrocarbons were very low (near or below the instrument detection limits). Formaldehyde was a major aldehyde species emitted with a fraction of around 60% of total measured aldehydes emissions. Formaldehydes emissions were reduced for all fuels compared to Jet A-1 especially at the idle conditions. There were no differences in acetaldehydes and acrolein emissions for all fuels; however, there was a noticeable reduction with GTL fuel. The aromatic hydrocarbon emissions including benzene and toluene are decreased for the alternative and renewable fuels.

Download Full-text

Lowest emission sustainable aviation biofuels as the potential replacement for the Jet-A fuels

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology ◽

10.1108/aeat-07-2020-0135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Anderson A. ◽

Karthikeyan A. ◽

Ramesh Kumar C. ◽

Ramachandran S. ◽

Praveenkumar T.R.

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Gas Turbine Engine ◽

Turbine Engines ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Gas Turbine Engines ◽

Content Type ◽

Turbine Engine ◽

Micro Gas Turbine ◽

Fuel Blends

Purpose The purpose of this study is to predict the performance and emission characteristics of micro gas turbine engines powered by alternate fuels. The micro gas turbine engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics are analyzed for the jet fuel with different additives. Design/methodology/approach The experimental investigation was carried out with Jet A-1 fuel on the gas turbine engines at different load conditions. The primary blends of the Jet A-1 fuels are from canola and solid waste pyrolysis oil. Then the ultrasonication of highly concentrated multiwall carbon nanotubes is carried with the primary blends of canola (Jet-A fuel 70%, canola 20% and 10% ethanol) and P20E (Jet-A 70% fuel, 20% PO and 10% ethanol). Findings The consumption of the fuel is appreciable with the blends at a very high static thrust. The 39% reduction in thrust specific fuel consumption associated with a 32% enhance in static thrust with P20E blend among different fuel blends. Moreover, due to the increase in ethanol concentration in the blends PO20E and C20E lead to a 22% rise in thermal efficiency and a 9% increase in higher oxygen content is observed. Practical implications The gas turbine engine emits very low emission of gases such as CO, CO2 and NOx by using the fuel blends, which typically reduces the fossil fuel usage limits with reduced pollutants. Originality/value The emission of the gas turbine engines is further optimized with the addition of hydrogen in Jet-A fuel. That is leading to high specific fuel exergy and owing to the lower carbon content in the hydrogen fuel when compared with that of the fossil fuels used in gas turbine engines. Therefore, the usage of hydrogen with nanofluids was so promising based on the results obtained for replacing fossil fuels.

Download Full-text