Lowest emission sustainable aviation biofuels as the potential replacement for the Jet-A fuels

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson A. ◽  
Karthikeyan A. ◽  
Ramesh Kumar C. ◽  
Ramachandran S. ◽  
Praveenkumar T.R.
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Blends

Purpose The purpose of this study is to predict the performance and emission characteristics of micro gas turbine engines powered by alternate fuels. The micro gas turbine engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics are analyzed for the jet fuel with different additives. Design/methodology/approach The experimental investigation was carried out with Jet A-1 fuel on the gas turbine engines at different load conditions. The primary blends of the Jet A-1 fuels are from canola and solid waste pyrolysis oil. Then the ultrasonication of highly concentrated multiwall carbon nanotubes is carried with the primary blends of canola (Jet-A fuel 70%, canola 20% and 10% ethanol) and P20E (Jet-A 70% fuel, 20% PO and 10% ethanol). Findings The consumption of the fuel is appreciable with the blends at a very high static thrust. The 39% reduction in thrust specific fuel consumption associated with a 32% enhance in static thrust with P20E blend among different fuel blends. Moreover, due to the increase in ethanol concentration in the blends PO20E and C20E lead to a 22% rise in thermal efficiency and a 9% increase in higher oxygen content is observed. Practical implications The gas turbine engine emits very low emission of gases such as CO, CO2 and NOx by using the fuel blends, which typically reduces the fossil fuel usage limits with reduced pollutants. Originality/value The emission of the gas turbine engines is further optimized with the addition of hydrogen in Jet-A fuel. That is leading to high specific fuel exergy and owing to the lower carbon content in the hydrogen fuel when compared with that of the fossil fuels used in gas turbine engines. Therefore, the usage of hydrogen with nanofluids was so promising based on the results obtained for replacing fossil fuels.

Influence of high oxygenated biofuels on micro-gas turbine engine for reduced emission

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Booma Devi ◽  
Venkatesh S. ◽  
Rakesh Vimal ◽  
Praveenkumar T.R.
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Effect Of Additives

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of additives in Jet-A fuel blends, especially on performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Jet-A fuel was formed by using Kay’s and Gruenberg–Nissan mixing rules by adding additive glycerol with TiO2. While measuring the combustion performance, the amount of oxygen content present in fuel and atomization are the key factors to consider. As such, the Jet-A fuel was created by adding additives at different proportion. A small gas turbine engine was used for conducting tests. All tests were carried out at different load conditions for all the fuel blends such as neat Jet-A fuel, G10T (glycerol 10% with 50 ppm TiO2 and Jet-A 90%), G20T (glycerol 10% with 50 ppm TiO2 and Jet-A 90%) and G30T (glycerol 10% with 50 ppm TiO2 and Jet-A 90%). Findings From tests, the G20T and G10T produced better results than other blends. The thermal efficiency of the blends of G20T and G10T are 22% and 14% higher than neat Jet-A fuel. Further, the improved static thrust with less fuel consumption was noticed in G20T fuel blend. Originality/value The G20T blends showed better performance because of the increased oxygenated compounds in the fuel blends. Moreover, the emission rate of environmentally harmful gases such as NOx, CO and HC was lower than the neat Jet-A fuel. From the results, it is clear that the rate of exergy destruction is more in the combustion chamber than the other components of fuel.

Case Closed: The Completion of the United States Navy 501-K34 Gas Turbine Engine RADCON Program (2011 - 2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Patterson ◽  
Kevin Fauvell ◽  
Dennis Russom ◽  
Willie A. Durosseau ◽  
Phyllis Petronello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The United States Navy (USN) 501-K Series Radiological Controls (RADCON) Program was launched in late 2011, in response to the extensive damage caused by participation in Operation Tomodachi. The purpose of this operation was to provide humanitarian relief aid to Japan following a 9.0 magnitude earthquake that struck 231 miles northeast of Tokyo, on the afternoon of March 11, 2011. The earthquake caused a tsunami with 30 foot waves that damaged several nuclear reactors in the area. It was the fourth largest earthquake on record (since 1900) and the largest to hit Japan. On March 12, 2011, the United States Government launched Operation Tomodachi. In all, a total of 24,000 troops, 189 aircraft, 24 naval ships, supported this relief effort, at a cost in excess of $90.0 million. The U.S. Navy provided material support, personnel movement, search and rescue missions and damage surveys. During the operation, 11 gas turbine powered U.S. warships operated within the radioactive plume. As a result, numerous gas turbine engines ingested radiological contaminants and needed to be decontaminated, cleaned, repaired and returned to the Fleet. During the past eight years, the USN has been very proactive and vigilant with their RADCON efforts, and as of the end of calendar year 2019, have successfully completed the 501-K Series portion of the RADCON program. This paper will update an earlier ASME paper that was written on this subject (GT2015-42057) and will summarize the U.S. Navy’s 501-K Series RADCON effort. Included in this discussion will be a summary of the background of Operation Tomodachi, including a discussion of the affected hulls and related gas turbine equipment. In addition, a discussion of the radiological contamination caused by the disaster will be covered and the resultant effect to and the response by the Marine Gas Turbine Program. Furthermore, the authors will discuss what the USN did to remediate the RADCON situation, what means were employed to select a vendor and to set up a RADCON cleaning facility in the United States. And finally, the authors will discuss the dispensation of the 501-K Series RADCON assets that were not returned to service, which include the 501-K17 gas turbine engine, as well as the 250-KS4 gas turbine engine starter. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the results and lessons learned of the program and discuss how the USN was able to process all of their 501-K34 RADCON affected gas turbine engines and return them back to the Fleet in a timely manner.

scholarly journals The effect of heat recovery on the optimal values of helicopter turboshaft engine parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
H. H. Omar ◽  
V. S. Kuz'michev ◽  
A. O. Zagrebelnyi ◽  
V. A. Grigoriev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Recuperative Heat Exchanger

Recent studies related to fuel economy in air transport conducted in our country and abroad show that the use of recuperative heat exchangers in aviation gas turbine engines can significantly, by up to 20...30%, reduce fuel consumption. Until recently, the use of cycles with heat recovery in aircraft gas turbine engines was restrained by a significant increase in the mass of the power plant due to the installation of a heat exchanger. Currently, there is a technological opportunity to create compact, light, high-efficiency heat exchangers for use on aircraft without compromising their performance. An important target in the design of engines with heat recovery is to select the parameters of the working process that provide maximum efficiency of the aircraft system. The article focused on setting of the optimization problem and the choice of rational parameters of the thermodynamic cycle parameters of a gas turbine engine with a recuperative heat exchanger. On the basis of the developed method of multi-criteria optimization the optimization of thermodynamic cycle parameters of a helicopter gas turbine engine with a ANSAT recuperative heat exchanger was carried out by means of numerical simulations according to such criteria as the total weight of the engine and fuel required for the flight, the specific fuel consumption of the aircraft for a ton- kilometer of the payload. The results of the optimization are presented in the article. The calculation of engine efficiency indicators was carried out on the basis of modeling the flight cycle of the helicopter, taking into account its aerodynamic characteristics. The developed mathematical model for calculating the mass of a compact heat exchanger, designed to solve optimization problems at the stage of conceptual design of the engine and simulation of the transport helicopter flight cycle is presented. The developed methods and models are implemented in the ASTRA program. It is shown that optimal parameters of the working process of a gas turbine engine with a free turbine and a recuperative heat exchanger depend significantly on the heat exchanger effectiveness. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of the engine due to heat regeneration is also shown.

The Potential Impact of Future Fuels on Small Gas Turbine Engines

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Saintsbury ◽  
P. Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whitney Aircraft

The impact of potential aviation gas turbine fuels available in the near to midterm, is reviewed with particular reference to the small aviation gas turbine engine. The future course of gas turbine combustion R&D, and the probable need for compromise in fuels and engine technology, is also discussed. Operating experience to date on Pratt & Whitney Aircraft of Canada PT6 engines, with fuels not currently considered of aviation quality, is reported.

Application of Nonparametric Methods to Rainflow Stress Density Estimation of Gas Turbine Engine Usage

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Enright ◽  
R. C. McClung ◽  
S. J. Hudak ◽  
H. R. Millwater
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nonparametric Methods ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Density Estimator ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Engine

The risk of fracture associated with high energy rotating components in aircraft gas turbine engines can be sensitive to small changes in applied stress values which are often difficult to measure and predict. Although a parametric approach is often used to characterize random variables, it is difficult to apply to multimodal densities. Nonparametric methods provide a direct fit to the data, and can be used to estimate the multimodal densities often associated with rainflow stress data. In this paper, a comparison of parametric and nonparametric methods is presented for density estimation of rainflow stress profiles associated with military aircraft gas turbine engine usages. A nonparametric adaptive kernel density estimator algorithm is illustrated for standard parametric probability density functions and for rainflow stress pairs associated with F-16/F100 engine usages. The kernel estimates are compared to parametric estimates, including a hybrid approach based on separate treatment of maximum stress pairs. The results provide some insight regarding the strengths and weaknesses of parametric and nonparametric density estimation methods for gas turbine engines, and can be used to develop improved stress estimates for probabilistic life predictions.

scholarly journals METHOD OF FORMULATING INPUT PARAMETERS OF NEURAL NETWORK FOR DIAGNOSING GAS-TURBINE ENGINES

Aviation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Kulyk ◽  
Sergiy Dmitriev ◽  
Oleksandr Yakushenko ◽  
Oleksandr Popov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Training

A method of obtaining test and training data sets has been developed. These sets are intended for training a static neural network to recognise individual and double defects in the air-gas path units of a gas-turbine engine. These data are obtained by using operational process parameters of the air-gas path of a bypass turbofan engine. The method allows sets that can project some changes in the technical conditions of a gas-turbine engine to be received, taking into account errors that occur in the measurement of the gas-dynamic parameters of the air-gas path. The operation of the engine in a wide range of modes should also be taken into account.

scholarly journals Application of the vacuum casting technology in the production of small-size gas turbine engine blade machines

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
A. M. Faramazyan ◽  
S. S. Remchukov ◽  
I. V. Demidyuk
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Vacuum Casting ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Design Values ◽  
The Cost

The application of casting technologies in the production of parts and assemblies of small-size gas turbine engines is justified in the paper. The technology of vacuum casting in gypsum molds was tested during the production of an experimental centrifugal compressor of a small-size gas turbine engine. On the basis of a 3D model of the designed centrifugal compressor, computational studies of vacuum casting were carried out and rational parameters of the technological process were determined. Prototypes of the developed centrifugal compressor of a small-size gas turbine engine were made. The results of calculations and the performed technological experiment confirmed the fill rate of the gating form and the absence of short pour. The distribution of shrinkage porosity and cavities corresponds to the design values and is concentrated in the central part of the casting that is subjected to subsequent machining. The area of the blades, disc and sleeve is formed without defects. The use of casting technologies in the production of parts and assemblies of small-size gas turbine engines assures the required quality with a comparatively low price of the finished product, making it possible to achieve the balance between the cost of the technology and the quality of the product made according to this technology.

Technological Trend of Aircraft Gas Turbines and its Effect on the Development for Ship Propulsion Plants

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. H. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Ship Propulsion

The effect of the main design parameters of the aero gas turbine engine cycle, namely combustion temperature and compression pressure ratio, on the specific performance values is discussed. The resulting development trend has been of essential influence on the technology. Relevant approaches are outlined. The efforts relating to weight and manufacturing expense are also indicated. In the design of aero gas turbine engines increasing consideration is given to the specific flight mission requirements, such as for instance by the introduction of the by-pass principle. Therefore direct application of aero gas turbine engines for ship propulsion without considerable modifications, as has been practiced in the past, is not considered very promising for the future. Nevertheless, there are possibilities to take advantage of aero gas turbine engine developments for ship propulsion systems. Appropriate approaches are discussed. With the experience obtained from aero gas turbine engines that will enter service in the early seventies it should be possible to develop marine gas turbine engines achieving consumptions and lifes that are competitive with those of advanced diesel units.

A Probabilistic Framework for Risk Prediction of Gas Turbine Engine Components With Inherent or Induced Material Anomalies

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Enright ◽  
R. Craig McClung ◽  
Luc Huyse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Probabilistic Framework ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Engine Components

Rare anomalies may be introduced during the metallurgical or manufacturing processes that may lead to uncontained failures of aircraft gas turbine engines. The risk of fracture associated with these anomalies can be quantified using a probabilistic fracture mechanics approach. In this paper, a general probabilistic framework is presented for risk assessment of gas turbine engine components subjected to either inherent or induced material anomalies. A summary of efficient computational methods that are applicable to this problem is also provided.

Jet Perforations for Gas Turbine Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisha Varughese ◽  
P. Lakshmi ◽  
Srilekha Rajarshi Pasula Valmiki ◽  
Abdur Rasheed ◽  
Vinayak Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Physical Insight ◽  
Jet Characteristics

Gas turbine engines operate under varying conditions. Subsequently, thrust varies under diverse conditions. Owing to combustion the exhaust runs full. The flow jets have been in utilization for engineering systems, present work investigates the merits of jet perforations for gas turbine engine applications. Controlling thrust when device is running is not an option in the present world. This led us to do the study on the flow of jet through various perforated shapes. At present, thorough experiments are carried out for flow analysis of diverse jet perforations and related flow optimization for better performance. Experiments are carried out on a scaled cascade tunnel. The perforations are of circle, square, triangle and ellipse in shape. The physical insight from this work would be very informative and useful for gas turbine engine operations. Systematic experiments are carried out to fundamentally understand flow behavior with different perforations at the exit. Gas turbine engines have revolutionized the propulsion systems. The very idea of generating large amount of thrust from a small volume has always intrigued scientific community about the effectiveness of operations. Though, the engine works, however, effectiveness have always been questioned and worked upon. Results significantly state that jet perforations do modify the flow jet characteristics. The results show the increase in velocity by 6.2% on using the circular perforation. For the circular perforation wall jet, velocity increases by 14.7% with respect to reference jet i.e. jet without perforation.

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