Inhibition of de novo Fatty-Acid Biosynthesis in Isolated Chloroplasts by the Antibiotic Cerulenin and Its Synthetic Derivatives

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd List ◽  
Andrea Golz ◽  
Wilhelm Boland ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts

The antibiotic cerulenin was shown to be a potent dose-dependent inhibitor of de novo fattyacid biosynthesis in intact isolated chloroplasts of different plants (measured as [14C]acetate incorporation into the total fatty-acid fraction). Various chemical derivatives of cerulenin were synthesized and tested in the chloroplast assay-system of oat, spinach and pea. Modifications of the hydrocarbon chain of cerulenin (e.g. tetrahydro-cerulenin and its short-chain cis-2,3-epoxy-4-oxoheptanamide derivative) decreased the inhibitory activity of cerulenin, whereas variations of the epoxy-oxo-amide structural element led to a complete loss of inhibition potency. The results indicate that the naturally occurring antibiotic cerulenin is the most active specific inhibitor of de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis, but the formation of the hydroxylactam ring seems to be an essential requirement for the inhibitory activity. Those structural analogues of cerulenin, which can no longer form a hydroxylactam ring, do not possess any inhibitory capacity.

Effect of Thiolactomycin on de novo Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Focke ◽  
Andrea Feld ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Thiolactomycin was shown to be a potent inhibitor of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in intact isolated chloroplasts (measured as [14C]acetate incorporation into total fatty acids). In our attempt to further localize the inhibition site we confirmed the inhibition with a fatty acid synthetase preparation, measuring the incorporation of [14C]malonyl-CoA into total fatty acids. From the two proposed enzymic targets of the fatty acid synthetase by thiolactomycin we could exclude the acetyl-CoA: ACP transacetylase. It appears that the inhibition by thiolactomycin occurs on the level of the condensing enzymes, i.e. the 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthases. We also demonstrated that the two starting enzymes of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, the acetyl-CoA synthetase and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase, are not affected by thiolactomycin.

Fatty-acid biosynthesis and acetyl-coa carboxylase as a target of diclofop, fenoxaprop and other aryloxy-phenoxy-propionic acid herbicides

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Kobek ◽  
Manfred Focke ◽  
K. Lichtenthaler Botanisches
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Acid Herbicides

The effect of the herbicides and aryloxy-phenoxy-propionic acid derivatives diclofop, fenoxaprop, fluazifop and haloxyfop and their ethyl, methyl or butyl esters on the de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis of isolated chloroplasts was investigated with intact chloroplasts isolated from sensitive grasses (Poaceae) and tolerant dicotyledonous plants (Pisum, Spinacia). The 4 herbicides (free-acid form) block the de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis ([2-14C]acetate incorporation into the total fatty-acid fraction) of the sensitive Avena chloroplasts in a dose-dependent manner. The I50- values (a 50% inhibition of the [14C]acetate incorporation) lie in the range of 10-7 to 2 x 10-6 ᴍ. The ethyl or methyl esters (diclofop, fenoxaprop, haloxyfop) and butyl ester (fluazifop) do not affect the de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis of isolated chloroplasts or only at a very high concentration of ca. 10-4 ᴍ. In contrast, the de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis of the tolerant dicotyledonous species (pea, spinach) is not affected by the 4 aryloxy-phenoxy-propionic acid herbicides. In an enzyme preparation isolated from chloroplasts of the herbicide-sensitive barley plants the de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis from [14C]acetate and [14C]acetyl-CoA is blocked by all 4 herbicides (free acids), whereas that of [14C]malonate and [14C]malonyl-CoA is not affected. This strongly suggests that the target of all 4 herbicides (free-acid form) is the acetyl-CoA carboxylase within the chloroplasts. The applied ester derivatives, in turn, which are ineffective in the isolated chloroplast test system, have equally little or no effect on the activity of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase. It is assumed that the acetyl-CoA carboxylase of the tolerant dicot plants investigated is modified in such a way that the 4 herbicides cannot bind to and affect the target

Inhibition of de novo Fatty-Acid Biosynthesis in Isolated Chloroplasts by Different Antibiotics and Herbicides

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 976-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Feld ◽  
Klaus Kobek ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Two natural antibiotics, cerulenin and thiolactomycin, were tested for their inhibitory efficacy on de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis of chloroplasts isolated from oat and spinach seedlings and compared with that of known herbicides. With both antibiotics a strong dose-dependent inhibition of the incorporation of [l-14C]acetate into the fatty-acid fraction of the isolated plastids was detected. The l50-values for the inhibition of acetate incorporation into fatty acids are about 4 µM in the case of thiolactomycin and about 50 µM in the case of cerulenin for both mono-and dicotyledonous plants. These values are much higher than those of the particular graminicides cycloxydim and diclofop (0.15 and 0.1 µM), which were developed to control grass weeds in dicotyledonous crop cultures.

Studies on the Inhibition of Biotin-Containing Carboxylases by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Motel ◽  
Simone Günther ◽  
Martin Clauss ◽  
Klaus Kobek ◽  
Manfred Focke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Key Enzyme

In higher plants the biosynthetic machinery of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, measured as [14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids, is predominantly located in plastids. A key enzyme in this pathway is the biotin-containing acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC , EC 6.4.1.2) which catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. The ACC from Poaceae is very efficiently blocked by two herbicide classes, the cyclohexane-1,3-diones (e.g. sethoxydim, cycloxydim) and the aryloxyphenoxy-propionic acids (e.g. diclofop, fluazifop). It is shown that within the Poaceae not only different species but also different varieties exist which exhibit an altered sensitivity and tolerance towards both herbicide classes, which points to a mutation of the target enzyme ACC. In purifying the ACC we extended our research to the possible presence of other biotin-containing plant enzymes. In protein preparations from maize, oat, barley, pea and lentil we were able to demonstrate the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA and methylcrotonyl-CoA. The two herbicide classes not only block the ACC, but also the activity of the propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC ), whereas the methylcrotonyl- CoA carboxylase (MCC ), a distinct biotin-containing enzyme from mitochondria, is not affected. MCC may play a role in isoprenoid catabolism. Whether PCC is a separate plastid enzyme or only a side activity of ACC is under current investigation. The efficiency of the graminicides in sensitive Poaceae is then not only determined by the inhibition of ACC, malonyl-CoA and fatty acid biosynthesis, but also by the exclusion of the PCC-catalyzed metabolic pathways of the plant cell.

Inhibition of early steps of de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis by different xenobiotica

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Manfred Focke ◽  
Andrea Feld ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS BY TESTICULAR TISSUE IN VITRO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1267-1274
Author(s):  
Peter F. Hall ◽  
Edward E. Nishizawa ◽  
Kristen B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Substrate Fatty Acid

The fatty acids palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic have been isolated from rabbit testis and evidence for the synthesis of palmitic and stearic acids de novo from acetate-1-C14is presented. ICSH did not produce demonstrable stimulation of the synthesis of these acids in vitro although the hormone stimulated the production of testosterone-C14by the same tissue. Adrenal tissue was shown to contain palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids, and ACTH did not increase the incorporation of acetate-1-C14into a fatty acid fraction extracted following incubation of adrenal tissue in the presence of this substrate. Fatty acid biosynthesis, therefore, is probably not influenced by the mechanisms by which tropic hormones increase steroid formation.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway ofExiguobacterium antarcticumB7 Based on Genomic and Bibliomic Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regiane Kawasaki ◽  
Rafael A. Baraúna ◽  
Artur Silva ◽  
Marta S. P. Carepo ◽  
Rui Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathway

Exiguobacterium antarcticumB7 is extremophile Gram-positive bacteria able to survive in cold environments. A key factor to understanding cold adaptation processes is related to the modification of fatty acids composing the cell membranes of psychrotrophic bacteria. In our study we show thein silicoreconstruction of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway ofE. antarcticumB7. To build the stoichiometric model, a semiautomatic procedure was applied, which integrates genome information using KEGG and RAST/SEED. Constraint-based methods, namely, Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) and elementary modes (EM), were applied. FBA was implemented in the sense of hexadecenoic acid production maximization. To evaluate the influence of the gene expression in the fluxome analysis, FBA was also calculated using thelog2⁡FCvalues obtained in the transcriptome analysis at 0°C and 37°C. The fatty acid biosynthesis pathway showed a total of 13 elementary flux modes, four of which showed routes for the production of hexadecenoic acid. The reconstructed pathway demonstrated the capacity ofE. antarcticumB7 tode novoproduce fatty acid molecules. Under the influence of the transcriptome, the fluxome was altered, promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids. The calculated models contribute to better understanding of the bacterial adaptation at cold environments.

scholarly journals Elucidation of transient protein-protein interactions within carrier protein-dependent biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Burkart ◽  
Thomas Bartholow ◽  
Terra Sztain ◽  
Ashay Patel ◽  
D Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Protein Docking ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) is an essential and highly conserved metabolic pathway. In bacteria, this process is mediated by an elaborate network of protein•protein interactions (PPIs) involving a small, dynamic acyl carrier protein that interacts with dozens of other partner proteins (PPs). These PPIs have remained poorly characterized due to their dynamic and transient nature. Using a combination of solution-phase NMR spectroscopy and protein-protein docking simulations, we report a comprehensive residue-by-residue comparison of the PPIs formed during FAB in Escherichia coli. This work reveals the molecular basis of six discrete binding events responsible for E. coli FAB and offers insights into a method to characterize these events and those in related carrier protein-dependent pathways. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY: Through a combination of structural and computational analysis, a comparative evaluation of protein-protein interactions in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in E. coli is performed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document