scholarly journals Grave human rights violations and crimes against humanity under public international law: The case of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dorothy Estrada-Tanck
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Derechos Humanos

El marco jurídico internacional de las Naciones Unidas sobre violaciones graves de los derechos humanos y crímenes de lesa humanidad se ha desarrollado en los últimos años al grado de una iniciativa para un tratado autónomo sobre crímenes de lesa humanidad. México ha sufrido varias reformas constitucionales y legales que aceptan la prioridad y la supremacía de los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, pero al mismo tiempo enfrenta una de las peores crisis humanitarias de su historia. Se revisa la relación entre el derecho internacional en esta área y los problemas y esfuerzos fácticos, jurídicos y metodológicos específicos realizados por diferentes actores en México y se proponen formas de acercarse a mecanismos más adecuados para realizar los derechos internacionalmente reconocidos de las víctimas a la verdad, la justicia y las reparaciones.

scholarly journals Pelanggaran Berat HAM dalam RUU KUHP: Tinjauan dari Hukum Internasional (Gross Violations of Human Rights in the Criminal Code Bill: an Overview from International Law)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ruben Fritz Sumigar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
International Obligations

The spirit of the drafter of the Criminal Code Bill (CCB) to fully codify all criminal provisions, including those relating to the gross violations of human rights, into a single legally binding instrument is marked with the inconsistency of its formula with the standard provided in numerous instruments under international law. In light of this situation, this article is presence to discuss legal challenges arising from the stipulation of gross violations of human rights under CCB. By using qualitative and descriptive normative methods, this article finds three fundamental problems between the provisions of CCB and the international legal framework. The problems in question are related to (i) the inaccuracy of the use of the term “Serious Crimes against Human Rights” in CCB, as well as misregulation of (ii) crimes of genocide and (iii) crimes against humanity in CCB with international law. On this basis, this article concludes that the provisions of gross human rights violations in CCB are contrary to the provisions of international law which are binding and applicable to Indonesia, and therefore, this article is prepared to provide recommendations for policymakers to reconsider the formulation of the provisions of gross human rights violations in CCB in order to be compatible with Indonesia’s international obligations to comply with the provisions of international law. AbstrakSemangat perumus Rancangan Undang-Undang KUHP (RUU KUHP) untuk melakukan kodifikasi total semua ketentuan pidana, termasuk yang berkaitan dengan pelanggaran berat HAM, ditandai dengan ketidak-konsistenan antara rumusan yang diatur dengan standar dalam sejumlah instrumen hukum internasional. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, artikel ini disusun untuk mendiskusikan tantangan hukum yang akan timbul dari pengaturan tentang pelanggaran berat HAM dalam RUU KUHP. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan deskriptif normatif, artikel ini menemukan 3 (tiga) permasalahan antara ketentuan RUU KUHP dan kerangka hukum internasional, yaitu (i) istilah “Tindak Pidana Berat terhadap HAM” yang tidak tepat (ii) kejahatan genosida, dan (iii) kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Berdasarkan 6pembahasan, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan pelanggaran berat HAM dalam RUU KUHP bertentangan dengan ketentuan hukum internasional yang mengikat dan berlaku bagi Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini memberikan rekomendasi bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk merumuskan kembali ketentuan pelanggaran berat HAM dalam RUU KUHP agar sepadan dengan ketentuan hukum internasional.

Namibia and Blanket Amnesties: Challenging the Namibian Blanket Amnesties on the basis of International Law in the Namibian Courts

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atilla Kisla
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation Commission ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Before And After

Amnesty laws issued by Administrator General Pienaar in 1989 and 1990 still show their effect by preventing prosecutions and investigations of situations that occurred before Namibia’s independence. Unlike South Africa, Namibia did not establish a truth-finding body such as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The result is a situation of silence, oblivion and impunity without any kind of accountability. On this basis, crimes such as international crimes or serious human rights violations have never been prosecuted or even investigated. As this article argues, the amnesty laws from 1989 and 1990 qualify as blanket amnesties. Up until today, Namibians as well as the members of the South African Defence Force benefit from those amnesties. Against this backdrop, the question of whether the Namibian blanket amnesties apply in relation to international crimes and grave human rights violations will be addressed. This article argues that based on international law, the application of the Namibian blanket amnesties can be challenged in a potential criminal case that deals with international crimes or grave human rights violations in the Namibian courts. Therefore, this article illustrates how international law applies in the Namibian legal system. In this context, Namibia follows a monist approach which makes it quite receptive of international law and international standards. On this basis, this article points out binding international law at the time before and after Namibia’s independence as well as examining Namibia’s binding treaty obligations which arise under the Geneva Conventions, Torture Convention and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In the next section, an examination of domestic and international jurisprudence lays the foundation for the argument that the Namibian blanket amnesties can be challenged in a Namibian court when the crimes in question constitute international crimes, such as crimes against humanity or war crimes.

scholarly journals The Close Relationship Between Serious Human Rights Violations and Crimes Against Humanity: International Criminalization of Serious Abuses

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Pérez-León Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to evidence both the existence of a close relationship between the notions of serious human rights violations and crimes against humanity, and how this works in international law. To do so, international legal sources such as the United Nations practice, case-law of international and hybrid criminal courts and tribunals, and case-law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and other human rights bodies are taken into account. Thus, this article analyses how these and other international sources have examined the above-mentioned relationship, i.e., inter alia the similarities and differences between serious human rights abuses and the legal objective and subjective elements of crimes against humanity. Accordingly, it is found that, although some differences exist, the notion of serious human rights violations underlies the legal concept of crimes against humanity. In turn, this is linked to the relationship between those two categories of international law.

scholarly journals Represión, justicia y derecho en la Venezuela de hoy (2013-2019) (Repression, justice and law in today’s Venezuela (2013-2019))

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-833
Author(s):  
Victoria Capriles ◽  
Andrea Santacruz ◽  
Rogelio Pérez-Perdomo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Humanitarian Emergency ◽  
Derechos Humanos

Este trabajo se refiere al uso de la represión y del sistema de justicia en Venezuela durante la presidencia de Nicolás Maduro (2013-2019). En la primera parte se analiza el fenómeno de la represión, cuantificando y explicando los actos represivos y el análisis del papel del aparato de justicia en la misma. En la segunda parte hay un estudio de trece casos que ilustran la manera como procede dicha represión. Después, se analiza cómo estas acciones pueden calificarse de violaciones de los derechos humanos y aun como crímenes de lesa humanidad. Finalmente, se teoriza sobre el significado del derecho y de la profesión jurídica en un régimen político que ha violado las normas constitucionales y ha conducido al país una emergencia humanitaria compleja. This article refers to the use of repression and the justice system in Venezuela during Nicolás Maduro’s presidency (2013-2019). In the first part, the phenomenon of repression is analyzed, quantifying and explaining repressive acts and examining the role of the judiciary in it. In the second part, there is a study of thirteen cases that illustrate the manner in which such repression is implemented. Then, we consider how these actions can be described as human rights violations and even as crimes against humanity. Finally, the meaning of law and the legal profession in a political regime that has violated all constitutional norms and has led the country into a complex humanitarian emergency is analyzed.

Germany

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Aichele
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Monitoring Mechanism ◽  
International Human ◽  
Human Rights Norms

This chapter analyses the use and interpretation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in sixty-nine decisions of German federal courts between 2009 and mid-2016. German courts’ failure to be proactive in demonstrating ‘friendliness towards public international law’ when dealing with international human rights norms has been criticised. The National CRPD Monitoring Mechanism addressed problems in the application of the law. This chapter investigates the courts’ understanding of basic CRPD concepts, judicial techniques, interpretation methods and specific CRPD provisions. The importance of the concepts of self-executing provisions and direct effect is discussed. In quantitative terms, German courts have referred to the CRPD more often than any other UN international human rights instrument. Furthermore, in qualitative terms, federal courts have become more receptive towards the CRPD. However, it is clear that much of the potential for courts to use the CRPD in the realisation of the rights of persons with disabilities remains untapped.

scholarly journals Children in Armed Conflict: A Human Rights Crisis in Somalia

Global Jurist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Santino Jr. Fulo Regilme ◽  
Elisabetta Spoldi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
False Sense ◽  
Alternative Sources

Abstract Despite the consolidated body of public international law on children’s rights and armed conflict, why do armed rebel groups and state forces deploy children in armed conflict, particularly in Somalia? First, due to the lack of alternative sources of income and livelihood beyond armed conflict, children join the army due to coercive recruitment by commanders of armed groups. Their participation in armed conflict generates a fleeting and false sense of material security and belongingness in a group. Second, many Somali children were born in an environment of existential violence and material insecurity that normalized and routinized violence, thereby motivating them to view enlistment in armed conflict as morally permissible and necessary for existential survival.

scholarly journals Remarks by Maria Flores

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Maria Flores
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
Small Department ◽  
The University

I first became involved with international law while I was at university. After graduating, I decided to teach public international law. As an undergraduate, I particularly enjoyed this branch of study. I was attracted to it because it helped me to understand the problems, challenges, and breakthroughs in the field of international relations on a global scale. Therefore, after facing a competitive entry process, I joined the international law department of the Universidad de la República. It was a small department, but the university had produced some well-known scholars like Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga, who became a judge at the International Court of Justice, and Hector Gross Espiell, who served as a judge at the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.

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