Dawning Answers How the HIV/AIDS Epidemic Has Helped to Strengthen Public Health. Edited by Ronald O. Valdiserri.

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-581
Author(s):  
Nicholas Freudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Policy Process and the Conversation around HIV/AIDS in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Laura E. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Hiv Aids

In 2003, the George W. Bush administration passed the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), a US government initiative to address the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic primarily in Africa. PEPFAR’s US$18 billion budget remains the largest commitment from any nation towards a single disease and has saved countless lives. Given the historical and current political resistance to foreign aid, PEPFAR’s drastic spike in spending on HIV/AIDS raises questions over how the policy process resulted in bipartisan support. Using two policy process theories, punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) and the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), this analysis helps explain the framing of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic and the factors that resulted in the creation of PEPFAR. The analysis of the PEPFAR policy process reveals a ‘tipping point’ in the early 2000s, when political actors, the media and advocacy coalitions benefitted from issue framing, narrative change and measures of political attention to elevate the global HIV/AIDS crisis to the public agenda. The findings highlight an increase in presidential attention, the evolution of the HIV/AIDS narrative away from stigma and the formation of powerful coalitions. Looking back on the combination of policy process factors that led to PEPFAR’s bipartisan success might lead to insights for dismantling the grand public health challenges of the present and future. This study’s findings have implications for currently stigmatised public health crises, such as the opioid epidemic.

The legacy of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic for public health

The Lancet ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 362 (9392) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
J Michael Kilby
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Crisis management by HIV/AIDS non-governmental organisations in the post-Euromaidan Ukraine led to opening new horizons

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Duchenko ◽  
Tetiana Deshko ◽  
Marina Braga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Diplomacy ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose Civil society played a significant role during and after the 2014 revolution in Ukraine, which led to the resignation of President Yanukovich and his government and triggered a series of political, economic and social changes. In some areas, particularly by HIV and tuberculosis, the critical gaps threatened the emergence of a public health catastrophe. The purpose of this paper is to describe how civil society expands and strengthens its role in complex crisis situations, self-regulating and re-adjusting own aims and strategy by using the case of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) active in HIV prevention in high-risk groups and harm reduction. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents the analysis of the case of Alliance of Public Health, one of the principal recipients of the Global Fund to Fight Tuberculosis, AIDS and Malaria in 2014-2016, during and after the Euromaidan Revolution in Ukraine. Findings In the post-Euromaidan era, NGO sector has been able to sustain the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic at a stable level despite significant limitations of resources and the overall fragile situation. Special efforts have been undertaken to continue activities in the conflict zone in the east of the country. Furthermore, NGOs managed to extend beyond their usual responsibilities, bridging the gaps in deteriorating public health and social systems, including taking the leadership in medical procurement; advocating for national plans development; and supplying medical goods to the uncontrolled territories in the east of the country. Originality/value This paper is one of the first exploring the role of non-governmental sector in HIV/AIDS programmes in resource-scarce situation of political, social and economic crisis. Case description of the strategies and activities applied in the situation gives the possibility to reflect on raising the effectiveness of the response to existing and emerging public health issues in complex crisis, as well on the potential for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment advocacy to grow into global health diplomacy.

scholarly journals Impact of transition on public health in Ukraine: case study of the HIV/AIDS epidemic

BMJ ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 331 (7510) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane DeBell ◽  
Richard Carter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Becoming MSM: Sexual Minorities and Public Health Regimes in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Alfred Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract This article explores the discursive and practical marking of male sexual minorities in Vietnam, as targets of a series of biopolitical regimes whose aim, ostensibly, was and is to secure the health and wellbeing of the population (from the French colonial period to the present), regimes which linked biology, technoscientific intervention and normative sexuality in the service of state power. Campaigns against sex workers, drug users, and briefly male sexual minorities, seriously exacerbated the marginalization and stigmatization of these groups, particularly with the emergence of HIV/AIDS in Vietnam in 1990. This article also considers how the contemporary apparatus constructed to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic, one funded by the US, did not do away with these old forms, but reinscribed them with new language within a new regime that prioritizes quantification and technoscience.

Global HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment: Public Health Ethics Considerations

2019 ◽  
pp. 471-485
Author(s):  
Mark Barnes ◽  
Devin Alexander Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

The global response to HIV/AIDS has struggled with balancing personal autonomy with public health needs over the past four decades. This article discusses the chronology of ethical developments in prevention and treatment methods, both within the United States and abroad. It tracks the globalization of the HIV/AIDS epidemic alongside the rise of the international response, particularly following the development of safe and effective HIV treatments. The ethical challenges posed by effective public health responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, including voluntary and mandatory antibody testing, contact tracing, partner notification, and even quarantine, are highlighted by social and political responses to restrictions on civil liberties worldwide.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model for HIV/AIDS with Complacency in a Population with Declining Prevalence

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Baryarama ◽  
J. Y. T. Mugisha ◽  
L. S. Luboobi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

An HIV/AIDS model incorporating complacency for the adult population is formulated. Complacency is assumed a function of number of AIDS cases in a community with an inverse relation. A method to find the equilibrium state of the model is given by proving a stated theorem. An example to illustrate use of the theorem is also given. Model analysis and simulations show that complacency resulting from dependence of HIV transmission on number of AIDS cases in a community leads to damped periodic oscillations in the number of infectives with oscillations more marked at lower rates of progression to AIDS. The implications of these results to public health with respect to monitoring the HIV/AIDS epidemic and widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is discussed.

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