scholarly journals Becoming MSM: Sexual Minorities and Public Health Regimes in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Alfred Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract This article explores the discursive and practical marking of male sexual minorities in Vietnam, as targets of a series of biopolitical regimes whose aim, ostensibly, was and is to secure the health and wellbeing of the population (from the French colonial period to the present), regimes which linked biology, technoscientific intervention and normative sexuality in the service of state power. Campaigns against sex workers, drug users, and briefly male sexual minorities, seriously exacerbated the marginalization and stigmatization of these groups, particularly with the emergence of HIV/AIDS in Vietnam in 1990. This article also considers how the contemporary apparatus constructed to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic, one funded by the US, did not do away with these old forms, but reinscribed them with new language within a new regime that prioritizes quantification and technoscience.

scholarly journals Status and Trend of HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Nepal

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Ballabh Joshi ◽  
MR Banjara ◽  
YB Karki ◽  
BK Subedi ◽  
M Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Double Numbers ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Hiv Aids

The main objective of this study is to review the HIV/AIDS status and trend in Nepal. The design of the study was retrospective in nature. Review was made of published and unpublished documents during the period 1988 to 2004. Year-wise data indicates that the cases of HIV/AIDS have been increased sharply since mid 1990s. In 1992, more than double numbers of new cases were reported than the formerly reported cumulative cases. The latest cumulative HIV/AIDS cases as of May 2004 were reported as 747 cases of AIDS and 3765 cases of HIV infections. Among total HIV/AIDS cases, clients of sex workers (57.8 percent) were predominant followed by sex workers (13.9 percent) and injecting drug users (15.6 percent). Similarly, others included housewives (10.6 percent), children (1.8 percent) from vertical transmission and blood or organ recipients (0.2 percent). Male cases (73.0 percent) were found predominant than female cases (27.0 percent). HIV prevalence among risk group population was found highest in injecting drug users (38.4 percent) followed by Female Sex Workers (4.1 percent) and migrants (3.0 percent). The risk population and HIV/AIDS prevalence has been found sharply increasing after mid 1990s. The increasing trend of the disease certainly has given pressure to focus on the use of comprehensive targeted intervention programs in risk  group  sub-populations.Key Words: HIV/AIDS, Trend, Risk populations, Prevalence.

Legalizing Sex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Lakkimsetti
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Aids

Based on twenty months of ethnographic research, the book looks at the relationship between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and rights-based struggles of sexual minorities in contemporary India. Sex workers, gay men, and transgender people in India have become visible in the Indian public sphere since the mid-1980s, when AIDS became an issue in India. Whereas sexual minorities were previously stigmatized and criminalized because of the threat of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the Indian state started to fold these groups into national HIV/AIDS policies as “high-risk” groups for an effective response to the epidemic. The book argues that HIV/AIDS transformed the relationship between sexual minorities and the state from one focused on juridical exclusion to one focused on inclusion through biopower. The new relationship between the state and sexual minorities brought about by HIV/AIDS and the shared power communities felt with the state enabled them to demand rights and citizenship from the Indian state. In addition to paying attention to these transformations, the book also comparatively captures the rights-based struggles of sexual minorities in India who have successfully mobilized against a colonial era anti-sodomy law, successfully petitioned in the courts for recognition of gender identity, and stalled attempts to criminalize sexual labor. This book uniquely brings together the struggles of sex workers and transgender and gay groups that are often studied separately.

scholarly journals Modeling the HIV/AIDS Epidemic Among Injecting Drug Users and Sex Workers in Kunming, China

2006 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bacaër ◽  
Xamxinur Abdurahman ◽  
Jianli Ye
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Stigma, Discrimination, and Ostracization: HIV/AIDS Infection in Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesola O. Oyelese
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

The AIDS epidemic continues and HIV-infected persons continue to suffer stigmatization and discrimination in Nigeria. The results of an open-ended questionnaire administered non-randomly in Ile-Ife and Ilesa in the late 1990s confirm this. Six questions on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were asked; 83 (36.4%) males and 145 (63.6%) females aged between 11 and 60 years responded. The respondents included 101 students, 49 civil servants, 39 artisans and traders. Others included 29 health professionals (doctors and nurses, etc.), 8 teachers, and 2 commercial sex workers. The median of negative responses (rejection) is 42.2%. It is concluded that there still exists a significant but suppressed or subtle stigmatization and discrimination against HIV-infected people, a major constraint in the management and control of HIV/AIDS.

HIV/AIDS among female sex workers, injecting drug users and men who have sex with men in Lebanon: results of the first biobehavioral surveys

AIDS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S45-S54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyad Mahfoud ◽  
Rema Afifi ◽  
Sami Ramia ◽  
Danielle El Khoury ◽  
Kassem Kassak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Aids

“HIV Is Our Friend”

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Lakkimsetti
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Sexually Marginalized ◽  
Hiv Aids

This chapter provides an overview of HIV/AIDS policies as well as how sexually marginalized groups are drawn into biopower programs as “high-risk” groups. In 1983, when HIV/AIDS was first detected among sex workers in India, the state’s initial response was to blame the sex workers themselves as well as to forcefully test them and confine them in prison. However, it proved impossible to incarcerate every sex worker and to stop the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Instead, I argue, ultimately a consensus formed that supported giving marginalized groups a leadership role in tackling the epidemic. Drawing on ethnographic observations and the HIV/AIDS policy of the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), this chapter also highlights how these biopower projects deepened the involvement of high-risk groups as they moved from simple prevention to behavioral change. Ultimately, communities became extensions of biopower projects as they implemented these programs at the day-to-day level.

Narcan as biomedical panic: The war on overdose and the harms of harm reduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 136248062096477
Author(s):  
Philip R Kavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
The State ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
State Response ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
The Us

As the opioid overdose crisis in the US persists, governments have coordinated with drug companies to propagate the overdose reversal drug naloxone (Narcan) as a ‘kinder/gentler’ state response, deriving from a supposedly progressive harm reduction ethos. Drawing on Derrida’s deconstruction of pharmakon, I show how Narcan is rendered paradoxical and terminal, diverting attention from the structural antecedents of opioid addiction and resources for drug treatment while reproducing corporeal suffering in those revived. I further highlight how Narcan is positioned in a wider array of regressive governing practices that legitimate the state’s punitive drug war and demonization of drug users. Narcan thus provides a useful opening between the state and contemporary biomedicine to theorize how harm reduction and public health unfurl in insidious and corrosive ways.

scholarly journals Analysis of HIV Transmission of Commercial Sex Wokers and Their Clients with Condom Use Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutimin ◽  
Siti Khabibah ◽  
Dita Anies Munawwaroh ◽  
R. Heri Soelistyo U
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Global Stability ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

A model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among sex workers and their clients is discussed to study the effects of condom use in the prevention of HIV transmission. The model is addressed to determine the existence of equilibrium states, and then analyze the global stability of disease free and endemic equilibrium states. The global stability of equilibria depends on the vales of the basic reproduction ratio derived from the next generation matrix of the model. The endemic equilibrium state is globally stable when the ratio exceeds unity. The simulation results are presented to discuss the effect of condom use treatment in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS among sex workers and their clients. The results show that the effectiveness level in using condoms in sexual intercourse corresponds to the decreasing level of the spread of HIV/AIDS. We use Maple and Matlab software to simulate the impact of condom use.

President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Policy Process and the Conversation around HIV/AIDS in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Laura E. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Hiv Aids

In 2003, the George W. Bush administration passed the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), a US government initiative to address the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic primarily in Africa. PEPFAR’s US$18 billion budget remains the largest commitment from any nation towards a single disease and has saved countless lives. Given the historical and current political resistance to foreign aid, PEPFAR’s drastic spike in spending on HIV/AIDS raises questions over how the policy process resulted in bipartisan support. Using two policy process theories, punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) and the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), this analysis helps explain the framing of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic and the factors that resulted in the creation of PEPFAR. The analysis of the PEPFAR policy process reveals a ‘tipping point’ in the early 2000s, when political actors, the media and advocacy coalitions benefitted from issue framing, narrative change and measures of political attention to elevate the global HIV/AIDS crisis to the public agenda. The findings highlight an increase in presidential attention, the evolution of the HIV/AIDS narrative away from stigma and the formation of powerful coalitions. Looking back on the combination of policy process factors that led to PEPFAR’s bipartisan success might lead to insights for dismantling the grand public health challenges of the present and future. This study’s findings have implications for currently stigmatised public health crises, such as the opioid epidemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document